The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
As to the general outlines of the legend, there was no dispute. Osiris had
been an Egyptian Pharaoh who had devoted his life to doing good, to
introducing the elements of art and culture among his subjects, and
transforming them from savages into civilised men. He was the son of the
sun-god, born on the first of the intercalatory days, the brother and
husband of Isis, and the brother also of Set or Sut, whom the Greeks
called Typhon. Typhon had as wife his sister Nephthys or Nebhât, but her
son Anubis, the jackal, claimed Osiris as his father.
Osiris set forth from his Egyptian kingdom to subdue the world by the arts
of peace, leaving Isis to govern in his absence. On his return, Set and
his seventy-two fellow conspirators imprisoned him by craft in a chest,
which was thrown into the Nile. In the days when Canaan had become a
province of the Egyptian empire, and there were close relations between
the Phœnician cities and the Delta, it was said that the chest had floated
across the sea to Gebal, where it became embedded in the core of a tree,
which was afterwards cut down and shaped into one of the columns of the
royal palace. Isis wandered from place to place seeking her lost husband,
and mourning for him; at last she arrived at Gebal, and succeeded in
extracting the chest from its hiding-place, and in carrying it back to
Egypt. But the older version of the legend knew nothing of the voyage to
Gebal. The chest was indeed found by Isis, but it was near the mouths of
the Nile. Here it was buried for awhile; but Set, while hunting by night,
discovered it, and, tearing open its lid, cut the body inside into
fourteen pieces, which he scattered to the winds. Then Isis took boat and
searched for the pieces, until she had recovered them all save one.
Wherever a piece was found, a tomb of Osiris arose in later days.
Carefully were the pieces put together by Isis and Nephthys, and Anubis
then embalmed the whole body. It was the first mummy that was made in the
world.
Meanwhile Horus the younger had been born to Isis, and brought up secretly
at Buto, in the marshes of the Delta, out of reach of Set. As soon as he
was grown to man’s estate he gathered his followers around him, and
prepared himself to avenge his father’s death. Long and fierce was the
struggle. Once Set was taken prisoner, but released by Isis; whereupon
Horus, in a fit of anger, struck off his mother’s head, which was replaced
by Thoth with the head of a cow. According to one account, the contest
ended with the victory of Horus. The enemy were driven from one nome to
another, and Horus sat on the throne of his father. But there were others
who said that the struggle went on with alternating success, until at last
Thoth was appointed arbiter, and divided Egypt between the two foes.
Southern Egypt was given to Horus, Northern Egypt to Set.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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