The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
It is somewhat difficult to disentangle the threads out of which this
story has been woven. Elements of various sorts are mixed up in it
together. Horus the younger, the posthumous son of Osiris, has been
identified with Horus the elder, the ancient sun-god of Upper Egypt, and
the legends connected with the latter have been transferred to the son of
Isis. The everlasting war between good and evil has been inextricably
confounded with the war between the Pharaonic Egyptians and the older
population. The solar theology has invaded the myth of Osiris, making him
the son of Ra, and investing him with solar attributes. Anubis the jackal,
who watched over the cemeteries of Upper Egypt, has been foisted into it,
and has become the servant and minister of the god of the dead who
superseded him. The doctrine of the Trinity has been applied to it, and
Anubis and Nephthys, who originally were the allies of Osiris, have been
forced to combine with Set. Here and there old forgotten customs or
fragments of folk-lore have been embodied in the legend: the dismemberment
of Osiris, for example, points to the time when the neolithic inhabitants
of Egypt dismembered their dead; and the preservation of the body of
Osiris in the heart of a tree has its echo in the Tale of the Two
Brothers, in which the individuality of the hero was similarly preserved.
The green face with which Osiris was represented was in the same way a
traditional reminiscence of the custom of painting the face of the dead
with green paint, which was practised by the neolithic population of
Egypt.
There are three main facts in the personality of Osiris which stand out
clearly amid the myths and theological inventions which gathered round his
name. He was a human god; he was the first mummy; and he became the god of
the dead. And the paradise over which he ruled, and to which the faithful
souls who believed in him were admitted, was the field of Alu, a land of
light and happiness.
_Sekhet Alu_, “the field of Alu,” seems to have been the cemetery of
Busiris among the marshes of the Delta.(128) The name meant “the field of
marsh-mallows,”—the “asphodel meadows” of the _Odyssey_,—and was applied
to one of the islands which were so numerous in the north-eastern part of
the Delta. Here, then, in the nome of which Osiris was the feudal god, the
paradise of his followers originally lay, though a time came when it was
translated from the earth to the sky. But when Osiris first became lord of
the dead, the land to which they followed him was still within the
confines of Egypt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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