[Footnote 42: x. 16. 3: "if thou wilt go to the waters or to the plants," is added after this (in addressing the soul of the dead man). Plant-souls occur again in x. 58. 7.] [Footnote 43: A V. XVIII.4.64; Muir, Av. _loc. cit._ p. 298. A passage of the Atharvan suggests that the dead may have been exposed as in Iran, but there is no trace of this in the Rig Veda (Zimmer, _loc. cit._ p. 402).] [Footnote 44: Barth, _Vedic Religions_, p. 23; _ib._, the narrow 'house of clay,' RV. VII. 89. 1.] [Footnote 45: I. 24. 1; I. 125.6; VII. 56.24; cited by Müller, _Chips_, I. p. 45.] [Footnote 46: IX. 113. 7 ff.] [Footnote 47: _Avar[=o]dhana[.m] divás_, 'enclosure of the sky.'] [Footnote 48: Literally, 'where custom' (obtains), _i.e._, where the old usages still hold.] [Footnote 49: The last words are to be understood as of sensual pleasures (Muir, _loc. cit._ p. 307, notes 462, 463).] [Footnote 50: RV. II. 29. 6; VII. 104. 3, 17; IV. 5. 5; IX. 73. 8. Compare Mulr, _loc. cit_. pp. 311-312; and Zimmer, _loc. cit._ pp. 408, 418. Yama's 'hero-holding abode' is not a hell, as Ludwig thinks, but, as usual, the top vault of heaven.] [Footnote 51: _loc. cit._ p. 123.] [Footnote 52: X. 154. 2; 107. 2. Compare the mad ascetic, _múni_, VIII. 17. 14.] [Footnote 53: X. 117. This is clearly seen in the seventh verse, where is praised the 'Brahman who talks,' _i.e._, can speak in behalf of the giver to the gods (compare verse three).] [Footnote 54: X. 71. 6.] [Footnote 55: Compare X. 145; 159. In X. 184 there is a prayer addressed to the goddesses Sin[=i]v[=a]l[=i] and Sarasvat[=i] (in conjunction with Vishnu, Tvashtar, the Creator, Praj[=a]pati, and the Horsemen) to make a woman fruitful.] [Footnote 56: II. 15. 2; X. 6. 7 (Barth, _loc. cit._ p. 36). The sacrifice of animals, cattle, horses, goats, is customary; that of man, legendary; but it is implied in X. 18.8 (Hillebrandt, ZDMG. Xl p. 708), and is ritualized in the next period (below).] [Footnote 57: Phallic worship may be alluded to in that of the 'tail-gods,' as Garbe thinks, but it is deprecated. One verse, however, which seems to have crept in by mistake, is apparently due to phallic influence (VIII. 1. 34), though such a cult was not openly acknowledged till Çiva-worship began, and is no part of Brahmanism.] * * * * * CHAPTER VII. THE RELIGION OF THE ATHARVA VEDA.