[Footnote 60: Compare RV. iv. 28. 4: 'Thou Indra madest lowest the heathen.' Weber has shown, _loc. cit._, that the general notion of the Br[=a]hmanas is that all are born again in the next world, where they are rewarded or punished according as they are good or bad; whereas in the Rig Veda the good rejoice in heaven, and the bad are annihilated. This general view is to be modified, however, by such side-theories as those just mentioned, that the good (or wise) may be reborn on earth, or be united with gods, or become sunlight or stars (the latter are 'watery' to the Hindu, and this may explain the statement that the soul is 'in the midst of waters').] [Footnote 61: There is in this age no notion of the repeated creations found in later literature. On the contrary, it is expressly said in the Rig Veda, vi. 48. 22, that heaven and earth are created but once: "Only once was heaven created, only once was earth created," Zimmer, AIL. 408.] [Footnote 62: When the principle of life is explained it is in terms of sun or fire. Thus Praj[=a]pati, Lord of beings, or Father-god, is first an epithet of Savitar, RV. iv. 53. 2; and the golden germ must be fire.] [Footnote 63: Schoolcraft, _Historical and Statistical Information_, i. 32. As examples of the many passages where 'water is the beginning' may be cited _Çat. Br._ vi. 7. 1. 17; xi. 1. 6. 1. The sun, born as Aditi's eighth son, is the bird, 'egg-born,' RV. x. 72. 8.] [Footnote 64: Among the new curators of Atharvan origin are, for instance, the sun under the name of Rohita, Desire (Love), etc., etc.] [Footnote 65: Illustrations of these contradictions may be found in plenty _apud_ Muir iv. p. 20 ff.] [Footnote 66: Nirukta, vii. 4; Muir, _loc. cit._ p. 131 and v. 17.] [Footnote 67: _Neu-und Vollmonds Opfer_, 1880. The _D[=i]ksh[=a]_, or initiation, has been described by Lindner; the _R[=a]jas[=u]ya_ and _Vajapeya_, by Weber.] [Footnote 68: The water-sickness already imputed to this god in the Rig Veda. This tale and that of Bhrigu (referred to above) show an ancient trait in the position of Varuna, as chief god.] [Footnote 69: This is the germ of the pilgrimage doctrine (see below).] [Footnote 70: Perhaps (M. ix. 301) interpolated; or the first allusion to the Four Ages.] [Footnote 71: These (compare _afri_, 'blessing,' in the Avesta) are verses in the Rig Veda introducing the sacrifice. They are meant as propitiations, and appear to be an ancient part of the ritual.]