[Footnote 7: Since the abolition of feudalism, with the increase of the means of transportation, the larger freedom, and, at many points, improved morality, the population of Japan shows an unprecedented rate of increase. The census taken in 1744 gave, as the total number of souls in the empire, 26,080,000 (E.J. Reed's Japan, Vol. I., p. 236); that of 1872, 33,110,825; that of 1892, 41,089,910, showing a greater increase during the past twenty years than in the one hundred and thirty-eight years previous. See Résumé Statistique de l'Empire du Japon, Tōkiō, 1894; Professor Garrett Droppers' paper on The Population of Japan during the Tokugawa Period, read June 27th, 1894; T.A.S.J., Vol. XXII.] [Footnote 8: For the notable instance of Pere Sidotti, see M.E, p. 63; Séi Yō Ki Buu, by S.R. Brown, D.D., a translation of Arai Hakuséki's narrative, Yedo, 1710, T.N.C.A.S.; Capture and Captivity of Pere Sidotti, T.A.S.J., Vol. IX., p. 156; Christian Valley, T.A.S.J., Vol. XVI., p. 207.] [Footnote 9: T.A.S.J., Vol. I., p. 78, Vol. VII., p. 323.] [Footnote 10: See Matthew Calbraith Perry, Boston, 1887.] [Footnote 11: See the author's Townsend Harris, First American Minister to Japan, _The Atlantic Monthly_, August, 1891.] [Footnote 12: See Honda the Samurai, Boston, 1890; Nitobe's United States and Japan; The Japan Mail _passim_; Dr. G.F. Verbeck's History of Protestant Missions in Japan, Yokohama, 1883; Dr. George Wm. Knox's papers on Japanese Philosophy, T.A.S.J., Vol. XX., p. l58, etc. Recent Japanese literature, of which the writer has a small shelf-full, biographies, biographical dictionaries, the histories of New Japan, Life of Yoshida Shoin, and recent issues of The Nation's Friend (Kokumin no Tomo), are very rich on this fascinating subject.] [Footnote 13: A typical instance was that of Rin Shihei, born 1737, author of _Sun Koku Tsu Ran to Setsu_, translated into French by Klaproth, Paris, 1832. Rin learned much from the Dutch and Prussians, and wrote books which had a great sale. He was cast into prison, whence he never emerged. The (wooden) plates of his publications were confiscated and destroyed. In 1876, the Mikado visited his grave in Sendai, and ordered a monument erected to the honor of this far-seeing patriot.] [Footnote 14: Rein, pp. 336, 337] [Footnote 15: Rein, p. 339; The Early Study of Dutch in Japan, by K. Mitsukuri, T.A.S.J., Vol. V., p. 209; History of the Progress of Medicine in Japan, T.A.S.J., Vol. XII., p. 245; Vijf Jaren in Japan, J.L.C. Pompe van Meerdervoort, 2d Ed., Leyden, 1808.] [Footnote 16: Honda the Samurai, pp. 249-251; Nitobé, 25-27.] [Footnote 17: The Tokugawa Princes of Mito, by Professor E. W. Clement, T.A.S.J., Vol. XVIII, p. 14; Nitobé's United States and Japan, p. 25, note.] [Footnote 18: M.E. (6 Ed.), p. 608; Adams's History of Japan, Vol. II., p. 171.] [Footnote 19: See the text of the anti-Christian edicts, M.E., p. 369.] [Footnote 20: T.A.S.J., Vol. XX., p. 17.]