[Footnote 19: In the inscription upon the great bell, at the temple containing the image of Dai Butsŭ or Great Buddha, reared by Hidéyori and his mother, one sentence contained the phrase _Kokka anko, ka_ and _ko_ being Chinese for _Iyé_ and _yasŭ_, which the Yedo ruler professed to believe mockery. In another sentence, "On the East it welcomes the bright moon, and on the West bids farewell to the setting sun," Iyéyasŭ discovered treason. He considered himself the rising sun, and Hidéyori the setting moon.--Chamberlain's Hand-book for Japan, p. 300.] [Footnote 20: I have found the Astor Library in New York especially rich in works of this sort.] [Footnote 21: Nitobé's United States and Japan, p. 13, note.] [Footnote 22: This insurrection has received literary treatment at the hands of the Japanese in Shimabara, translated in The Far East for 1872; Woolley's Historical Notes on Nagasaki, T.A.S.J., Vol. IX., p. 125; Koeckebakker and the Arima Rebellion, by Dr. A.J.C. Geerts, T.A.S.J., Vol. XI., 51; Inscriptions on Shimabara and Amakusa, by Henry Stout, T.A.S.J., Vol. VII, p. 185.] [Footnote 23: "Persecution extirpated Christianity from Japan."--History of Rationalism, Vol. II, p. 15.] [Footnote 24: T.A.S.J., Vol. VI., Part I., p. 62; M.E. pp. 531, 573.] [Footnote 25: Political, despite the attempt of many earnest members of the order to check this tendency to intermeddle in politics; see Dr. Murray's Japan, p. 245, note, 246.] [Footnote 26: See abundant illustration in Léon Pagés' Histoire de la Religion Chrétienne en Japon, a book which the author read while in Japan amid the scenes described.] [Footnote 27: _The Japan Evangelist_, Vol. I., No. 2, p. 96.] CHAPTER XII TWO CENTURIES OF SILENCE [Footnote 1: See Diary of Richard Cocks, and Introduction by R.M. Thompson, Hakluyt Publications, 1883.] [Footnote 2: For the extent of Japanese influence abroad, see M.E., p. 246; Rein, Nitobe, and Hildreth; Modern Japanese Adventurers, T.A.S.J., Vol. VII., p. 191; The Intercourse between Japan and Siam in the Seventeenth Century, by E.M. Satow, T.A.S.J., Vol. XIII., p. 139; Voyage of the Dutch Ship Grol, T.A.S.J., Vol. XI., p. 180.] [Footnote 3: The United States and Japan, p. 16.] [Footnote 4: See Professor J.H. Wigmore's elaborate work, Materials for the Study of Private Law in Old Japan, T.A.S.J., Tōkiō, 1892.] [Footnote 5: See the Legacy of Iyéyasŭ, by John Frederic Lowder, Yokohama, 1874, with criticisms and discussions by E.M. Satow and others in the _Japan Mail_; Dixon's Japan, Chapter VII.; Professor W.E. Grigsby, in T.A.S.J., Vol. III., Part II., p. 131, gives another version, with analysis, notes, and comments; Rein's Japan, pp. 314, 315.] [Footnote 6: Old Japan in the days of its inclusiveness was a secret society on a vast scale, with every variety and degree of selfishness, mystery, secrecy, close-corporationism, and tomfoolery. See article Esotericism in T.J., p. 143.]