[311] Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 168. Carter, _op. cit._ p. 21. [312] See Buecheler, _Umbrica_, pp. 22 and 98. [313] So Fides is usually explained, as originally belonging to Jupiter (Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 103 foll.); but a different view is taken by Harold L. Axtell in his work on the _Deification of Abstract Ideas at Rome_ (Chicago, 1907), p. 20. [314] In the Festschrift f. O. Hirschfeld, p. 243 foll. [315] _Religion of the Babylonians_, introductory chapter. [316] _Op. cit._ p. 412. [317] _L.L._ v. 64. [318] This fragment is No. 503 in Baehrens, _Fragm. Poet. Rom._ [319] Lactantius, _Div. inst._ iv. 3. [320] Crawley, _The Tree of Life_, p. 256; Farnell, _Evolution of Religion_, p. 180; von Domaszewski, _Abhandlungen_, p. 166, "Man ruft sie an im Gebete als pater und mater zum Zeichen der Unterwerfung unter ihren Willen, wie der Sohn dem Gebote des paterfamilias sich fuegt. Der sittlich strenge Gehorsam, der das Familienleben der Roemer beherrscht, die pietas, ist der Sinn der roemischen religio." Cp. also Appel, _de Rom. precationibus_, pp. 102-3, who thinks that they regarded the gods "velut patriarchas sive patres familias." He quotes Preller-Jordan i. 55 and Dieterich, _Eine Mithrasliturgie_, p. 142 sq. So too with mater--"velut mater familias." [321] The expression seems to mean "a father made for the purpose of the embassy." Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 477, note 3. [322] p. 19. This was written, it may be noted, several years after Aust had thoroughly investigated the cult of Jupiter for his article in the _Mythological Lexicon_; in which cult, if anywhere, one may be tempted to see evidence of a personal conception of deities. As Dr. Frazer has referred to the cult of Jupiter at Praeneste, to which I referred him as evidence of a possibly personal conception of the god in that Latin city, I may say here that I adhere to what I said about this in _R.F._ p. 226 foll.; no piece of antique cult has occupied my attention more than this, and I have tried to lay open every source of confirmation or criticism. Wissowa has expressed himself in almost exactly the same terms in _R.K._ p. 209: we arrived at our conclusions independently. [323] Tertullian, _ad Nationes_ 11, and _de Anima_, 37 foll.; Aug. _de Civ. Dei_, iv. _passim_, and especially ch. xi.; R. Peter compiled a complete list (_Myth. Lex._, _s.v._ "Indigitamenta," p. 143) from these and other sources.