[504] This is an inference from the fact that this Flamen is nowhere mentioned as connected with the Capitoline cult. Macrob. i. 15, 16, speaks of the ovis Idulis as sacrificed on every ides _a flamine_, and this, it is true, took place on the Capitolium (Aust, in _Lex._ _s.v._ Jupiter, 655), but (1) Festus, 290, mentions sacerdotes, Ovid, _Fasti_ i. 588, castus sacerdos only; and (2) this sacrifice may well, as O. Gilbert conjectured, have originally taken place in the Regia (_Gesch. und Topogr. Roms_, i. 236). In any case the Flamen was not in any special sense priest of Iup. Opt. Max. [505] The _locus classicus_ for this is Pliny, _N.H._ xxxv. 157. The artist was said to have been one Volcas of Veii. Ovid, _Fasti_ i. 201, says that the god had in his hand a _fictile fulmen_. Varro believed this to be the oldest statue of a god in Rome; see above, p. 146, and Wissowa, _Gesammelte Abhandlungen_, p. 280, accepts his statement as probably correct. [506] Cic. _Catil._ iii. 9. 21. [507] Jordan, _Topogr._ i. 2. pp. 39 and 62, notes. The most convincing passages quoted by him are Suet. _Aug._ 59, and Serv. _Ecl._ iv. 50 (of boys taking toga virilis who "ad Capitolium eunt"); but was not this to sacrifice to Liber or Iuventas? _R.F._ p. 56. [508] Gellius vi. 1. 6, from C. Oppius et Iulius Hyginus. In his famous character of Scipio (xxvi. 19) Livy seems to think that Scipio did this to make people think him superhuman or of divine descent. [509] Ovid, _Fasti_, iv. 158. 257; Virg. _Ecl._ iv. 4, _Aen._ vi. 42; Marquardt, 352, note 7, for evidence that the books came to Cumae from Erythrae. See also Diels, _Sibyllinische Blaetter_, p. 80 foll. LECTURE XI* CONTACT OF THE OLD AND NEW IN RELIGION