One word more before I leave this subject for the present. In all this innovation we must not forget to note the growth of individual feeling as distinguished from the old worship of civic grouping, in which the individual, as such, was of little or no account. I pointed out the first signs of this individualism when speaking of the temple of the Capitoline Jupiter, and we shall have reason to mark its rapid growth further. We are now, in fact, and must realise that we are, in a period in which, throughout the Graeco-Roman world, the need was beginning to be felt of some new rule of individualistic morality. The Roman population, now recruited from many sources, was but reflecting this need unconsciously when it insisted on new emotional rites and expiations. The Roman authorities were forced to satisfy the demand; but in doing so they made no real contribution to the history of Roman religious experience. It was impossible that they should do so; they represented the old civic form of religion, "bound up with the life of a society, and unable to contemplate the individual except as a member of it."[553] The new forms of worship, the _supplicatio_ and _lectisternium_, could not be, as the old forms had in some sense been, the consecration of civic and national life. They were to the Romans as the worship of Baal to the Jews of the time of the Kings; and, unlike that poisonous cult, they could never be rooted out.[554][555] NOTES TO LECTURE XI [510] This is the expression of Sallust, _Catil._ 12. 3. [511] See my paper on the Latin history of the word _religio_, in _Transactions of the Congress for the History of Religions_, 1909, vol. ii. p. 172. W. Otto in _Archiv_, 1909, p. 533 foll. [512] Cic. _de Nat. Deorum_, ii. 8. [513] Cic. _Harusp. resp._ 19. [514] Livy xliv. 1. 11; Sallust, _l.c._; Gellius, _Noct. Att._ ii. 28. 2. [515] Polyb. vi. 56. [516] Posidonius ap. Athenaeum vi. 274 A; Dion. Hal. ii. 27. 3. [517] Gell. ii. 28. [518] Marquardt, iii. 126. [519] Cato, _R.R._ 142. [520] Calpurnius, _Eclogue_, v. 24. I have described a similar scene in the Alps in _A Year with the Birds_, ed. 2, p. 126. [521] Petronius, _Sat._ 117: "His ita ordinatis, quod bene feliciterque eveniret precati deos, viam ingredimur." I owe this reference, as others in this context, to Appel's treatise _de Romanorum precationibus_, p. 56 foll. [522] Varro, _R.R._ i. 1. [523] _e.g._ Virg. _Aen._ v. 685 (Aeneas during the burning of the fleet); _Aen._ xii. 776 (Turnus in extremity). Cp. Tibull. iii. 5. 6 (in sickness). [524] A good example is _Captivi_, 922: "Iovi disque ago gratias merito magnas quom te redducem tuo patri reddiderunt," etc.