[34] Serv. _Aen._ ii. 714, and especially iii. 64. Other references in Marq. _op. cit._ p. 338, note 5, and De Marchi, _La Religione nella_ _vita domestica_, p. 190. For similar usages of prohibition see van Gennep, _op. cit._ ch. ii. [35] Festus, p. 3, "itaque funus prosecuti redeuntes ignem supragradiebantur aqua aspersi, quod purgationis genus vocabant suffitionem." For the possibly magic influence of these elements, see Jevons, _op. cit._ p. 70. [36] Frazer, _G.B._ i. 325, iii. 222 foll.; Jevons, p. 59. [37] Cato, _R.R._ 83, "mulier ad eam rem divinam ne adsit neve videat quomodo fiat." [38] Plutarch, _Quaest. Rom._ 60. Dogs were also excluded (_ib._ 90); Gellius xi. 6. 2; Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 227; Fowler, _R.F._ p. 194, where the private and public taboos are compared. [39] Festus, _s.v._ "exesto." For similar taboos in Greece, Farnell in _Archiv_ for 1904, p. 76. [40] Fowler, _Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero_, p. 143 foll. Cp. Westermarck, _Origin, etc._, vol. i. ch. xxvi., especially p. 652 foll. [41] _G.B._ i. 298 foll. [42] Festus, _s.v._ "exesto." [43] Buecheler, _Umbrica_, p. 94 foll. Cp. Livy v. 50, where it is said that, after the Gauls had left Rome, all the temples, _quod ea hostis possedisset_, were to be restored, to have their bounds laid down afresh (_terminarentur_) and to be disinfected (_expiarentur_). _Digest_, xi. 7. 36, "cum loca capta sunt ab hostibus, omnia desinunt religiosa vel sacra esse, sicut homines liberi in servitutem perveniunt; quod si ab hac calamitate fuerint liberata, quasi quodam postliminio reversa pristino statui restituerentur." Cp. Plutarch, _Aristides_, 20. A friend reminds me that Bishop Berkeley, when in Italy, had his bedroom sprinkled with holy water by his landlady. [44] See Marquardt, p. 420, notes 5 and 6. The _verbenarius_ is mentioned in Serv. _Aen._ xii. 120, and Pliny _N.H._ xxii. 5. For the disinfecting power of verbena (_myrtea verbena_) see Pliny xv. 119, where it is said to have been used by Romans and Sabines after the rape of the Sabine virgins. [45] See Marquardt, _Privatleben_, p. 192 foll., based on the famous essay of Mommsen in his _Roemische Forschungen_, i. 319 foll. The passages quoted from Livy for the practice in early times (i. 45, v. 50) are not, of course, historical evidence; but we may fairly argue back from the more explicit evidence of later times, _e.g._ the Senatusconsultum de Asclepiade of 78 B.C. (_C.I. Graec._ 5879).