[115] The most familiar examples are Virgil's eighth _Eclogue_, 95 foll.; Ovid, _Met._ vii. 167, and elsewhere; _Fasti_, iv. 551; Horace, _Epode_ v. 72; cp. article "Magia" in Daremberg-Saglio; Falz, _De poet. Rom. doctrina magica_, Giessen, 1903. There is a collection of Roman magical spells in Appel's _De Romanorum precationibus_, p. 43 foll. Many modern Italian examples and survivals will be found in Leland's _Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular Tradition_, pt. ii. [116] Cato, _R.R._ 160; Varro, _R.R._ i. 3. [117] Pliny, _N.H._ xxviii. 21. [118] _Ib._ xxviii. 20. The following sections of this book are the _locus classicus_ for these popular superstitions. [119] See, _e.g._, _Italian Home Life_, by Lina Duff Gordon, p. 230 foll. [120] Juvenal v. 164. The idea probably arose, as a passage of Plutarch suggests (_Rom._ 25), from the fact that the triumphator, whose garb was no doubt of Etruscan origin, wore the bulla. [121] Frazer, _G.B._ i. 345, note 2, where we learn that gold was taboo in some Greek worships, _e.g._ at the mysteries of Andania, which sufficiently proves that it possessed potency. Pliny, xxxiii. 84, mentions cases of such potency as medicine, and among them its application to children who have been poisoned. [122] Pliny, _N.H._ xxviii. 39. [123] See an article by the author on the original meaning of the _toga praetexta_ in _Classical Review_, vol. x. (1896) p. 317. [124] For the Compitalia, Macrob. i. 7. 34; Festus p. 238. For the Paganalia, Probus, _ad Georg._ ii. 385, assuming the _feriae Sementinae_ there mentioned to be the Paganalia (see _R.F._ p. 294). For the _feriae Latinae_, Festus, _s.v._ "oscillantes." [125] Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 193, with whose view I entirely agree. We learn of the imaginary goddess from Varro, _L.L._ ix. 61. Pais, I may remark in passing, is certain that Acca Larentia was the mater Larum; see his _Lectures on Ancient Legends of Roman History_, p. 60 foll. [126] 46. Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 354, note 5. [127] _Georg._ ii. 380 foll. It is not certain that Virgil is describing the festival generally known as Paganalia, which took place early in January; but it seems probable from line 382 that he is thinking of some festival of the pagus. The _oscilla_ may have been used at more than one.