The Repair of Casa Grande Ruin, Arizona, in 1891: Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1893-94, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 315-348Mindeleff, Cosmos
History
The Repair of Casa Grande Ruin, Arizona, in 1891: Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1893-94, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 315-348
Mindeleff, Cosmos
Arizona -- Antiquities; Casa Grande National Monument (Ariz.); Hohokam architecture -- Conservation and restoration; Indians of North America -- Arizona
There are in this office two series of photographs representing the
ruin. The first series was taken in 1892 before the protective works
authorized by the Congress were commenced; the second series
represents the work in progress. In the recent examination the
present condition of the ruin was carefully compared with the
condition represented in the photographs.
On comparing the profiles of the walls, it was found that in many
cases the irregular upper surfaces retain the exact configuration of
1892, even to the slightest knobs and rain-formed crevices; the
correspondence being so close as to show that the injury and loss by
weathering during the interim has been imperceptible. In some other
cases, notably along the southern and eastern walls, the profiles
are more extensively modified; some of the points and knobs shown in
the photographs are gone, some of the old crevices are widened and
deepened, and some new crevices appear; and in some parts it can be
seen that walls are lowered several inches. On the whole the
modification of the profiles of the walls is limited, yet such as to
indicate that destruction is proceeding at a not inconsiderable
rate.
On comparing the scars and crevices on the sides of the walls, it
was found that, while many remain essentially unchanged, most are
enlarged and deepened. This is particularly noteworthy on the
eastern and southern walls, which are most beaten by wind-driven
rains, and which are also most modified in profile. It would appear
that destruction is proceeding more rapidly along the sides of the
walls than along the crests.
On examining the walls with respect to apparent solidity and
stability, it was found that nearly all are in fair or good
condition. The only portion that would seem in special danger is the
central section of the southern exterior wall. This section seems
insecure, and might at any time be overthrown by a heavy wind
following a rain storm. This section was not, unfortunately, braced
or tied to the stronger interior wall when the protective works were
carried out in 1892.
On examining the structure to ascertain the effect of the protective
works of 1892 in staying the destructive processes, particularly the
undermining of the walls by spattering rain and drifting sand, it
was found that in most cases the results have been excellent. On the
inner side of the middle section of the southern exterior wall
sapping is in progress at the ground level, and also along the rows
of joist openings for the first and second stories, and in a few
other places the protection seems inadequate; but in general the
anticipations of the projectors of the protective works seem to have
been realized.
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