THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO _JOWETT_ London HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E. C. THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH _INTRODUCTION, ANALYSIS MARGINAL ANALYSIS, AND INDEX_ BY B. JOWETT, M.A. MASTER OF BALLIOL COLLEGE REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD DOCTOR IN THEOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEYDEN THE THIRD EDITION _REVISED AND CORRECTED THROUGHOUT_ Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS M DCCC LXXXVIII [_All rights reserved_] TO MY FORMER PUPILS IN BALLIOL COLLEGE AND IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, WHO DURING FORTY-SIX YEARS HAVE BEEN THE BEST OF FRIENDS TO ME, THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED, IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF THEIR NEVER FAILING ATTACHMENT. PREFACE. IN publishing a third edition of the Republic of Plato (originally included in my edition of Plato's works), I have to acknowledge the assistance of several friends, especially of my secretary, Mr. Matthew Knight, now residing for his health at Davôs, and of Mr. Frank Fletcher, Exhibitioner of Balliol College. To their accuracy and scholarship I am under great obligations. The excellent index, in which are contained references to the other dialogues as well as to the Republic, is entirely the work of Mr. Knight. I am also considerably indebted to Mr. J. W. Mackail, Fellow of Balliol College, who read over the whole book in the previous edition, and noted several inaccuracies. The additions and alterations both in the introduction and in the text, affect at least a third of the work. Having regard to the extent of these alterations, and to the annoyance which is felt by the owner of a book at the possession of it in an inferior form, and still more keenly by the writer himself, who must always desire to be read as he is at his best, I have thought that some persons might like to exchange for the new edition the separate edition of the Republic published in 1881, to which this present volume is the successor. I have therefore arranged that those who desire to make this exchange, on depositing a perfect copy of the former separate edition with any agent of the Clarendon Press, shall be entitled to receive the new edition at half-price. It is my hope to issue a revised edition of the remaining Dialogues in the course of a year. INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. [Sidenote: _Republic._ Introduction.]