Cyrus, the Younger, approximately 423 B.C.-401 B.C.; Greece -- History -- Expedition of Cyrus, 401 B.C.; Iran -- History -- To 640
The Macronians then asked if the Hellenes would make a treaty with
them, and give pledges to deal with them as with friends, and when the
generals had agreed to this, they came through the water to the other
side. The gods were called to witness, and as a pledge of friendship,
the Macronians gave to the Hellenes a Barbarian spear, and received
from them in return a Hellene spear.
After this the Macronians set to work to help the Hellenes in cutting
down trees to make a bridge, and re-crossed the river with their new
friends. They also brought barley and other food for sale, and at
parting supplied them with a guide to take them on to the next country,
which was inhabited by the Colchians.
In three days the Hellenes came to a chain of mountains already
occupied by the Colchians, who were drawn up against them in battle
array. The mountains were not too steep to be scaled, and the Hellenes
halted and took counsel as to how they could best make the attack.
It was at first proposed to advance in the form of a phalanx, that is
to say in long lines, each close behind the next, but Xenophon thought
there were many objections to this plan. ‘A phalanx,’ he said, ‘would
be liable to fall out of line in climbing the mountain, for in some
places we shall find the road good, and in other places bad. Moreover
if the phalanx is at all deep, the lines will not extend far enough to
outflank the enemy, and in that case they will be able to attack us at
the wings or in the rear. And on the other hand, if we extend our lines
far enough to obviate that danger, the phalanx will be shallow, and
easily broken through.
‘My advice is that we divide the hoplites into separate companies of a
hundred men each, and let them ascend in column, leaving spaces between
the columns, so that they may extend beyond the enemy’s line. The
bravest man in each company must head the column, and lead it up the
mountain by the best path he can find. The Colchians will not venture
to charge, for if they were to press in between the columns, they would
be surrounded by enemies on both sides.’
This plan was agreed upon, and the hoplites were formed into eighty
companies of a hundred men each, while the light-armed troops were
divided into three detachments of about six hundred men each, and
posted in the centre and at the two wings. Before advancing to the
battle, Xenophon addressed the troops in a soldier-like speech, short,
and to the point. ‘Comrades,’ he said, ‘these are the last enemies
that stand in our path. Let us eat them up alive, if we can, without
cooking.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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