The Trial Board thus has power to do everything which the juvenile court may do to the offender, except to fine him. Special summonses, warrants and other court papers have been formulated and printed for the Board. It is not part of the legally constituted judicial machinery of the city or state, yet its findings have all the weight of finality. * * * * * Since its organization ten years ago, the Prisoners’ Aid Association of Washington, D. C., has benefited over 28,000 prisoners, 9,000 of whom were returned to their homes. The records show that 90 per cent. of those aided financially have returned every cent advanced to them by the association, while the majority of the others were unable to repay the association. A recent report made by the parole officer of the Board of Public Welfare of Kansas City, Mo., shows that 547 persons are paroled from the workhouse and Leed’s Farm. These persons are earning an average of $10 per week. All have been put at work except 70, and of these 20 are too ill to be employed. The parole system is said to be saving the city $392 a day. IN THE PRISONERS’ AID FIELD =THE MARYLAND PRISONERS’ AID ASSOCIATION.= (Although the following article is an account of a single association, it contains material of such general interest that it seemed desirable to print it in full. The article appeared in the forty-first annual report of the Prisoners’ Aid Association of Maryland, for the year ended April 30, 1910.—THE EDITOR) The objects of the Prisoners’ Aid Association of Maryland are the uplift and rehabilitation of the criminal. When we consider that it is the only agency in the state whose mission is that of giving aid to hundreds of discharged prisoners each year and the only organized body equipped for the work of systematically caring for offenders who are placed on probation by the courts, we believe it important that information should be carefully compiled by the Association upon the actual work that it is doing and upon the larger subject of the treatment of the criminal. Morrison has well said, “The supreme if not the only object of a properly constituted penal system is to prevent the offender who has been once convicted from repeating the offense,”—so the importance of our work; but just as important are the methods used in our penal systems in aiding rehabilitation of the prisoner. Our prison and reformatory managements should stand in the same relation to the violator of the law as does the management of our insane hospitals to the inmates entrusted to their keeping. The purpose of both is the protection of society; the aim of both should be such treatment as will if possible rehabilitate the unfortunate so that he may regain his position in society. In the prisons and reformatories the inmates should be taught the habits of industry and obedience to law and order, under humane and strict discipline.