1847. Jan. 3. Landtag summoned to Berlin. July 5. Pope grants Civic Guard to Rome. " 14. Clerical conspiracy suppressed in Rome. " 16. Austrian occupation of Ferrara. " 20. Swiss Diet resolves to dissolve Sonderbund. Sept. 1. Unsuccessful rising in Messina. " 12. Meeting of South German Liberals at Offenburg. " 29. Metternich formally expresses his approval of the Sonderbund. Nov. 4. Motion carried at Pesth for taxation of nobles. " 24. Troops of the Swiss Diet occupy Luzern. Dec. 9. Nazari makes his motion for reform in Milan. " 16. Agreement for Austrian troops to evacuate Ferrara. " 27. Ciceruacchio asks the Pope to join the Italian League. 1848. Jan. 2 and 3. Smoking riots at Milan. " 12. Sicilian rising begins. " 19. Arrest of Manin and Tommaseo at Venice. " 29. Neapolitan Constitution granted. Feb. 4. Leopold of Tuscany promises Constitution. " 12. Pope appoints first lay Ministers. " 22. Martial law proclaimed in Lombardy. " 27. Meeting at Mannheim to demand German Parliament. Mar. 2. Second Chamber of Baden demands repeal of Carlsbad Decrees. Downfall of Ministry in Bavaria. " 3. Kossuth's speech at Presburg. " 11. First meeting at the Wenzelsbad in Prague. " 13. Rising in Vienna. Workmen's petition in Berlin. Granting of Liberal Ministry by King of Saxony. " 15. Abdication of Metternich. " 16. Students' rising in Pesth. Rising in Berlin. Granting of Constitution by Pope. " 17. Serb meeting at Pesth. " 18 to 22. Five days of Milan. " 22. Rising in Venice. " 23. Manin chosen President of Venetian Republic. Jellaciç made Ban of Croatia. Charles Albert declares war on Austria. " 25. Prussian Assembly opens. " 26. King of Naples deposed by Sicilians. " 31. Meeting of Vor-Parlament at Frankfort. April 2. Bundestag repeals Carlsbad Decrees. " 4. Bundestag authorises Prussia to act for Germany in Schleswig-Holstein. " 8. First battle of Goito. " 11. Palacky refuses to join the Committee of Fifty at Frankfort. " 16.