They were driven out of _Portugal_ about the beginning of the twelfth Century, by _Henry_ Count of _Burgundy_, Son to _Robert_ King of _France_. This Prince, full of the same Zeal which excited so many others to engage in a holy War, went into _Spain_ on purpose to attack the Infidels; and such Courage, such Conduct did he show, that _Alphonso_ VI. King of _Castile_ and _Leon_, made him General of his Army: and afterwards, that he might for ever engage so brave a Soldier, he married him to one of his Daughters, named _Teresia_, and gave him all those Places from which he had driven the _Moors_. The Count, by new Conquests, extended his Dominions, and founded the Kingdom of _Portugal_, but never gave himself the Royal Title. [Sidenote: 1139.] _Alphonso_, his Son, did not only inherit his Father's Dominions, but his Virtues also; and not content with what the Count his Father had left him, he vigorously carried on the War, and encreas'd his Territories. Having obtained a signal Victory over the _Arabians_, his Soldiers unanimously proclaimed him King; which Title his Successors have ever since borne. And now this Family had sway'd the Scepter of _Portugal_ for almost the space of five hundred Years, when Don _Sebastian_ came to the Crown; he was the posthumous Son of Don _John_, who died some time before his Father, Don _John_ III. Son of the renowned King _Emanuel_. [Sidenote: 1557.] Don _Sebastian_ was not above three Years of Age when the old King died; his Grandmother _Catherine_, of the House of _Austria_, Daughter to _Philip_ I. King of _Castile_, and Sister to the Emperor _Charles_ V. was made Regent of _Portugal_ during his Minority. Don _Alexis de Menezes_, a Nobleman noted for his singular Piety, was appointed Governour to the young King, and Don _Lewis de Camara_, a Jesuit, was named for his Tutor. From such Teachers as these, what might not be expected? They filled his Mind with Sentiments of Honour, and his Soul with Devotion. But, (which may at first appear strange or impossible) these Notions were too often, and too strongly inculcated in him. _Menezes_ was always telling the young Prince what Victories his Predecessors had obtain'd over the _Moors_ in the _Indies_, and in almost every part of _Africa_. On the other hand, the Jesuit was perpetually teaching him, that the Crown of Kings was the immediate Gift of _God_, and that therefore the chiefest Duty of a Prince was to propagate the Holy Gospel, and to have the Word of the _Lord_ preached to those Nations, who had never heard of the Name of _Christ_. These different Ideas of Honour and Religion made a deep impression on the Heart of Don _Sebastian_, who was naturally pious. Scarce therefore had he taken the Government of _Portugal_ upon himself, but he thought of transporting an Army into _Africa_; and to that end he often conferr'd with his Officers, but oftener with his Missionaries and other Ecclesiasticks.