This eBook was produced by David Widger [NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an entire meal of them. D.W.] MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS, PG EDITION, VOLUME 19. THE RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC By John Lothrop Motley 1855 1572 [CHAPTER VII.] Municipal revolution throughout Holland and Zealand--Characteristics of the movement in various places--Sonoy commissioned by Orange as governor of North Holland--Theory of the provisional government-- Instructions of the Prince to his officers--Oath prescribed--Clause of toleration--Surprise of Mons by Count Louis--Exertions of Antony Oliver--Details of the capture--Assembly of the citizens--Speeches of Genlis and of Count Louis--Effect of the various movements upon Alva--Don Frederic ordered to invest Mons--The Duke's impatience to retire--Arrival of Medina Coeli--His narrow escape--Capture of the Lisbon fleet--Affectation of cordiality between Alva and Medina-- Concessions by King and Viceroy on the subject of the tenth penny-- Estates of Holland assembled, by summons of Orange, at Dort--Appeals from the Prince to this congress for funds to pay his newly levied army--Theory of the provisional States' assembly--Source and nature of its authority--Speech of St. Aldegonde--Liberality of the estates and the provinces--Pledges exchanged between the Prince's representative and the Congress--Commission to De la Marck ratified --Virtual dictatorship of Orange--Limitation of his power by his own act--Count Louis at Mons--Reinforcements led from France by Genlis-- Rashness of that officer--His total defeat--Orange again in the field--Rocrmond taken--Excesses of the patriot army--Proclamation of Orange, commanding respect to all personal and religious rights--His reply to the Emperor's summons--His progress in the Netherlands-- Hopes entertained from France--Reinforcements under Coligny promised to Orange by Charles IX.--The Massacre of St. Bartholomew--The event characterized--Effect in England, in Rome, and in other parts of Europe--Excessive hilarity of Philip--Extravagant encomium bestowed by him upon Charles IX.--Order sent by Philip to put all French prisoners in the Netherlands to Death--Secret correspondence of Charles IX. with his envoy in the Netherlands--Exultation of the Spaniards before Mons--Alva urged by the French envoy, according to his master's commands, to put all the Frenchmen in Mons, and those already captured, to death--Effect of the massacre upon the Prince of Orange--Alva and Medina in the camp before Mons--Hopelessness of the Prince's scheme to obtain battle from Alva--Romero's encamisada --Narrow escape of the prince--Mutiny and dissolution of his army--