[142:3] The Latin list of names numbers 228, though the original Greek lists certainly had more. Hefele, i., 296. [142:4] Sozomen, i., 9, 21; Theodoret, i., 7, 8. [142:5] Sozomen, i., 21; Socrates, i., 9. [142:6] Euseb., _Life of Const._, iii., 15. [142:7] Univ. of Pa., _Transl. and Rep._, iv., No. 2; Schaff, iii., 631; Fulton, _Index Canonum_. [143:1] Univ. of Pa., _Transl. and Rep._, iv., No. 2. Cf. Hefele, i., 355 ff. [143:2] Excellent discussion of the whole question in Hefele, i., sec. 37. [143:3] About 350 the canons were interpolated so as to give the Bishop of Rome a primacy. [143:4] Socrates, i., ch. 11; Sozomen, i., 23; Schaff, ii., 411; Hefele, i., 435. [144:1] Hefele, ii. [145:1] Pope Liberius was reinstated, after the death of Felix II., on subscribing to the Arian articles. [145:2] Univ. of Pa., _Transl. and Rep._, iv., No. 2, p. 11; _Nic. and Post-Nic. Fathers_, 2d ser., xiv., 163. [145:3] See Hodgkin, _Italy and her Invaders_. CHAPTER IX RISE OF THE PAPACY OUTLINE: I.--Favourable conditions when the Christian era began. II.--Forces at work up to 313. III.--Description of the Roman Church in 313. IV.--Growth of the Papacy from 313 to 604. V.--Condition of the Papacy at the close of this period, 604. VI.--Sources. To see how a handful of outlawed, persecuted Christians in Rome became the omnipotent hierarchy of the Middle Ages is to comprehend the most marvellous fact in European history. But when the conditions and forces, which produced this wonderful organisation, are clearly understood, the miracle becomes a natural and an inevitable product.