Adams, _Civ. of M. A._ Adeney, ch. 13. Alzog, ii., 114-121. Butler, _Ch. Hist._, ch. 34-35. Brown, _Stoics and Saints_, ch. 5-6. Cheetham, ch. 12, sec. 3-4. Church, _Begin. of M. A._, 48, 58. Clarke, _Events and Epochs_, ch. 3-4. Coxe, Lect. 3, sec. 3. Cunningham, _West. Civ._, ii., 37-40. Darras, i., 636; ii., 34, 35, 121, 387; iii., 43. Döllinger, ii., ch. 5, sec. 9; iii., ch. 4, sec. 6. Draper, _Intel. Develop. of Europe_. Fisher, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 175, 234. Fitzgerald, i., 215-227. Foulkes, 88, 93, 150-151, 221, 243, 349. Gibbon, ch. 37. Gieseler, ii., ch. 4, sec. 95-97. Gilmartin, i., ch. 9, 22, 45. Hase, sec. 132-136. Hurst, i., ch. 30-31. Jennings, i., ch. 6. Kurtz, i., 248-258, 503-509. Lecky, _Hist. of Europ. Morals_, ii., ch. 4. Mahan, bk. 4, ch. 12. Maitland, _Dark Ages_. Milman, i., bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 1; ii., bk. 3, ch. 6. Milner, i., cent. 4, ch. 5. Moeller, i., 355-377. Mosheim, bk. ii., cent. iv., ch. 3, § 13. Neander, ii., 262. Newman, i., 451. Putnam, _Books and their Makers_, i. Robertson, bk. 2, ch. 6, sec. 4. Schaff, iii., 147. Zenos, 104, 154, 171. FOOTNOTES: [198:1] Jerome, _Ep._, 15. [199:1] The Hindoo monks exhausted their minds in devising means of self-torture. [199:2] Lea, _Sac. Celib._, 24; _Laws of Manu_, bk. 6., st. 1-22. See Hardy, _Eastern Monasticism_, Lond., 1850. [199:3] The disciples of Pythagoras were called cenobites. Montalembert, i., 215. [200:1] Lea, _Sac. Celib._, 24. [200:2] Numb. vi., 1-21. [200:3] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, v., 15; Porphyry, _De Abstinentia_, iv., 11; Edersheim, ch. 3; Döllinger, _Gentile and Jew_, ii., 330. See p. 44, 45. [200:4] Isa. xxii., 2; Dan. ix., 3; Zech. xiii., 4; 2 Kings i., 8; iv., 10, 39, 42. _Cf._ Heb. xi., 37, 38; _Expositor_, 1893, i., 339. [200:5] Schaff, ii., 390. [200:6] Lea, _Sac. Celib._, 24. [200:7] Eusebius, ii., 17; Philo, _Contemp. Life_, bk. 1; _Jewish Quart. Rev._, viii., 155; _Baptist Rev._, Jan., 1882, p. 36 _ff._; see _Jewish Encyc._; Döllinger, ii., 335. [200:8] Matt. xix., 21; Luke xviii., 22; Mark x., 21. [200:9] Tertullian held that all the Apostles except Peter were unmarried. [201:1] Mark x., 29, 30. [201:2] Paul, especially 1 Cor. vii.; Lea, _Sac. Celib._, 25. [201:3] Texts quoted as favourable to monasticism: Acts ii., 44; iv., 32; xv., 28, 29; 1 Cor. vii., 8; iv., 3; Matt. xix., 12, 21; xxii., 30; Rev. xiv., 4; Luke xx., 35; Mark x., 29, 30. [201:4] Harnack, _Monasticism_, 10. [201:5] Montalembert, i., bk. 1. [202:1] Montalembert, i., 188. [202:2] Lightfoot, _The Colossian Heresy_. [202:3] Marcionites, Valentinians, Abstinents, Apotoctici, Encratites, etc. [203:1] Cyprian, _Ep._, 62. [203:2] Euseb. _Eccl. Hist._, vi., 42. [204:1] Harnack, _Monasticism_, 65. [204:2] 1 Tim. v., 3-14. _Cf._ Acts ix., 39, 41.