The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine dance — John Shaqi
The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine danceRadin, Paul
Religion
The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine dance
Radin, Paul
Thesis (Ph. D.); Winnebago Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
(4) _Presentation-of-Food Ritual_ (Part IV, _a_ and _b_).—The leader of
the East Band rises, and brings meat, berries, wild potatoes, etc., to
the ancestor-host, delivering a minor speech at the same time. Each of
the other leaders repeats the same ceremony. When all have finished,
the ancestor-host rises and thanks them.
(5) _General Shooting Ritual_ (Part IV, _a_ and _b_).—The leaders of
the East, North, West, and South Bands, holding their otter-skins in
their hands, rise, and, taking three men with them, make a complete
circuit of the lodge. They first speak in undertones to these three
men, giving them directions. At each end the leader of the East
Band speaks, and then, singing, walks toward the west end, saying
“yoho-o-oya-a” three times, and ending with a long-drawn-out “yo-ho.”
At the west end both he and the leader of the South Band speak. Then
chanting “yo-ho” again, they all walk towards the east end. Here the
leader of the East Band speaks twice. Now all place their otter-skins
on the ground in front of them. East then speaks again. At the
conclusion of his speech, all kneel in front of the otter-skins and
cough, at which the sacred shell drops from their mouths upon the
otter-skins. They thereupon pick it up, and holding the shell in one
hand, and the otter-skin in the other, make a circuit of the lodge
four times, increasing their speed with each circuit, and singing.
All this time the shell is held in full view of the spectators, on
the outstretched palm of their right hand. As they near the east end
of the lodge, toward the end of the fourth circuit, standing in front
of the Ancestor-Host’s Band, they supposedly swallow the shell, and
fall down instantaneously, head foremost, as if dead. Finally they
come to, and, coughing the shell up, they put it into their otter-skin
bag, and, making the circuit of the tent, shoot four members of the
Ancestor-Host’s Band, four of the East, four of the North, two of the
West, and two of the South Band. Each person, as he is shot, falls
prostrate on the ground, but, recovering after a few moments, joins
those making the circuit of the tent. Each leader now takes his drum
and gourds to the fireplace. Then the general shooting commences. Every
person possessing the right, shoots one individual, until all the
members have been shot. As each person is shot, he falls to the ground,
feigns unconsciousness, and then slowly recovers. The slowness or speed
of his recovery depends exclusively upon the privileges he possesses,
and the number of years he has belonged to the society. As soon as the
person shot recovers, he falls in line immediately after the last one
shot. While all are thus walking around, the half-dozen people at the
fireplace sing shooting-songs to the accompaniment of drum and gourds.
The amount of noise at this point is quite considerable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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