1. _England._ The ILE. Somerset. The ALLOW. Northumberland. _France._ The ILL, the ILLE, and the ELLÉ. _Germany._ ILLA, 9th cent. The ILL. IL(AHA), 11th cent. The IL(ACH). The ALLE. Prussia. _Italy._ ALLIA ant., near Rome. 2. _With the ending en._ _England._ ALAUNUS (Ptolemy). Perhaps the AXE. The ALNE, two rivers. The ELLEN. Cumberland. _Scotland._ The ALLAN, two rivers. _Ireland._ The ILEN. Cork. _France._ The AULNE. Dep. Finistère. 3. _With the ending er._ _Germany._ ALARA, 8th cent. The ALLER. ILARA, 10th cent. The ILLER. _Piedmont._ The ELLERO. From the above root _al_ or _il_, to move, to go, I take to be the Gael. _ald_ or _alt_, a stream, (an older form of which, according to Armstrong, is _aled_); and the Old Norse _allda_, Finnish _aalto_, a wave, billow. As an ending this word is found in the NAGOLD of Germany (ant. NAGALTA), and in the HERAULT of France, Dep. Herault. Förstemann makes the former word _nagalt_, and remarks on it as "unexplained." It seems to me to be a compound word, of which the former part is probably to be found in the root _nig_ or _nî_, p. 47. 1. _England._ The ALDE. Suffolk. The ALT. Lancashire. _France._ OLTIS ant., now the Lot. _Germany._ The ELD. Mecklenburg-Schwerin. _Spain._ The ELDA. _Russia._ The ALTA. Gov. Poltova. 2. _With the ending en._ _Germany._ ALDENA, 11th cent., now the Olle. _Norway._ The ALTEN. _Siberia._ The ALDAN. Joins the Lena. Also from the root _al_ or _il_, to move, I take to be the Old Norse _elfa_, Dan. _elv_, Swed. _elf_, a river. The river Ἄλπις mentioned in Herodotus is supposed by Mannert to be the Inn by Innsbrück. I think the able Editor of Smith's Ancient Geography has scarcely sufficient ground for his supposition that Herodotus, in quoting the Alpis and Carpis as rivers, confounded them with the names of mountains. The former, it will be seen, is an appellative for a river; the latter is found in the name Carpino, of an affluent of the Tiber, and might be from the Celt. _garbh_, violent; a High Germ. element, for instance, would make _garbh_ into _carp_. But indeed the form _carp_ is that which comes nearest to the original root, if I am correct in supposing it to be the Sansc. _karp_, Lat. _carpo_, in the sense of violent action. In the following list I should be inclined to take the names Alapa, Elaver, and Ilavla, as nearest to the original form.