ROMAN ROADS, and spread of the Christian religion, 70; in Balkan Peninsula, 76-7; military basis of and resulting directness, 101-2; and ferries, 102-4; during Dark Ages, breakdown of river crossings on, 150-54; instanced in Stamford, 154-5; map, 155; use of in Dark Ages, 147-8; sectional disappearance of, 148; instanced in Penkridge to Chester, Epsom race-course to Merton, 148-9; theories to account for disappearance, 149-50; during the Dark Ages, sectional disappearance of on the Continent, 156-7; Watling Street, 72, 158, 161-4; Stane Street, 132, 164-73; Penkridge to Chester, 173; Peddars Way, 173-6 ROMANS, THE, and bridge building, 22; and the bridge as a place of toll, 26; as road builders, 53-4; and Wales, 71-2 ROMANS WOOD, crossing of Arun at, 153, 166, 169 ROME, 70, 77; bridge of, and function in creating an inland port, 30 ROMNEY MARSH, 62 ROTHER, the, valley of, 131, 139 ROUEN, bridge at, 21, 29 RUSSIAN and Polish civilisations due to marsh, 15; Orthodox Church, the, and the Pinsk Marshes, 15; Revolution and the Pinsk Marshes, 15 RYE, 99 ST. ALBANS, 70 ST. CATHERINE’S CHAPEL, 35, 130 SALISBURY PLAIN and the chalk ridges, 35; centre of a system of trackways, 117-20, 126 SALLENT, Pass of, 44 SAND, road courses over, 33; drifts in Western Islam, 36; in Sussex Weald, discontinuous nature of, and influence on iron industry, 131-2; hard, permanence of Roman roads cut in, 156 SARAGOSSA, bridge at, and road convergence, 25 SARDINIA, 93 SEAFORD, 99 SELSEY, 62 SEVERN, bridged at Gloucester, 74; tunnel, 74; use of in Middle Ages, 94, 129; crossing by Roman road, 98; strategical consideration of, 101; estuary of, and the Romans, 102; traffic over lower, in event of invasion, 104 SHIPLEY, 126 SHIRES, origin of, 119 (note), 174 SHOOTERS’ HILL, 121 SHOREHAM, 18; bridge at, 98-9 SHREWSBURY and the Holyhead road, 71-3; and Roman road London to Chester, 148 SICILY, 93 SILCHESTER, 103, 165 SNODLAND, 130 SOILS, effect of on course of road, 33-7; diversity of in England, 105-6 (_see_ also under Chalk, Gravel, Clay, and Sand) SOUTHAMPTON WATER and the trackway from Salisbury Plain, 119, 129; traffic to during Dark Ages, 132 SPAIN, high-gradient bridges in, 24 STAGE COACHES, 186 STAINES, 102, 165 STAMFORD and the Great North Road, 50; instance of new track replacing older one on river crossing at, 154-5; map, 155 STANE STREET, example of hindrance of vegetation at _Nore Wood_ on, 51; and the Wealden clay, 132; curve on at Bignor Hill, 138; example of Roman road as basis of modern local system, 160; motive of, 164-5; and the Weald, 165; stages of, 166; development of local systems from, 167-73; the, Mr. H. Belloc’s references to, 139, 164