WALES, Roman campaigns in, 71-2; South, riots against turnpikes in, 184 WALL, the Roman (Hadrian’s), 70-71 WANDLE, RIVER, marshes of, disappearance of Roman causeway in during Dark Ages, 149 WANSUM, RIVER, crossed by Roman road, 98 WASH, THE, trackway to, 120, 126; and Peddars Way, 174-5 WATER COURSES, first crossings of, fords, 18-20; _taking-off places_, 18-19; effect of rate of current, 19-20; ferries, 20; bridges, 20-32; double crossings at, 31-2 (_see_ also River Crossings) WATLING STREET, at Penkridge, 72; between Rochester and London, 140; at Norton Park, 158; as the basis of a modern road, 160; causes of preservation of, 161-4; use of during Dark Ages, 177 WEALD, the, as an obstacle to communication, 165-6 WELLAND, RIVER, 50 WENLOCK EDGE, 94 WESTMINSTER, northern boundary of, a Roman road, 78 WEY, RIVER, and Pilgrim’s Way, 19; road in Valley of Upper, 33; crossing at St. Catherine’s Chapel, 130; at Guildford, 130 WHEAT LANDS and early trackways, 128 WHEELED TRAFFIC, sudden increase of at end XVII century, 180 WILTSHIRE, 120 WINCHESTER, and the Pilgrim’s Way, 19; as centre of wheat growing, 128; to Gloucester, road from, 138; to London, Roman road from, 165 WREN, SIR CHRISTOPHER, 59 YARMOUTH, growth of, 176 YORK, Telford’s suggested reform of road to Peterborough from, 191 * * * * * Transcriber’s Notes: Footnotes have been moved to the end of each chapter and relabeled consecutively through the document. Illustrations have been moved to paragraph breaks near where they are mentioned. Punctuation has been made consistent. Variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in the original publication, except that obvious typographical errors have been corrected.