ARUN, RIVER, effect of marshes of, 17-18; lowest bridge over, at Arundel, 97; crossed by the southern track, 130; crossing of at Houghton, 130; at Burgh Hill, 139; at Romans Wood, 153, 166; at Pulborough, 166 ARUNDEL, road from Pulborough to, 17, 18; crossing of Arun at, 97, 99, 130 ARUNDEL HILL, 169 ASHURST, Roman road on sand at, 156 ATHENS, 70 AULUS PLAUTIUS, 104 AUTUN, 70 AVON, Bristol, the, and British trackways, 129 BALHAM and Stane Street, 167 BALKAN PENINSULA, the, political chaos due to decay of Roman trunk roads, 76-7 BARI, road planning in, 58 BATH and the Fosse Way, 39 BEECH, woods, and chalk, 119 BELFORT, 44, 45, 46 BELGIUM, Roman road building in, 136 BERKSHIRE DOWNS, the trackway on, 120 BIGNOR and Stane Street, 138, 169 BILLINGSHURST and Stane Street, 169 BLACK DEATH, the, a date in English road history, 81-2 BLACKPOOL, a “reserve” town, 68 BOARD OF WORKS and macadam, 190 BORDEAUX, 31 BOROUGH, the, and Stane Street, 167 BOSHAM during the Dark Ages, 165 “BOULEVARD” movement, 194 BOULOGNE, harbour of, 73 BOUNDARY, road as a, 77; instanced, 77-8 BRAMBER, causeway at, 18; crossing of Adur at, 99, 130 BRANCASTER, Roman station at, and Peddars Way, 176 BREYDON WATER, change from estuary to a broad, 176 BRIDGE, the, and road development, 12; building of at different periods, 22-3; significance of term in some languages, 22-3; cost of and effect, 22-3; architecture of, 23; function in making inland ports, 30-31; marshes created by disrepair of, 65, 158-9; at Cologne, 75; lowest on river, effect of, on sea traffic, 96-7; normal origin of, 20; instanced at London, Cologne, Rouen, Isle of Paris, 21; of piles, 21; of boats, 21; object of, 21-2; high gradients of some, 23-4; effect of change from pile to stone, 24; convergence of roads towards, 25; military importance of, 25; payments of toll at, 26; creation of a _nodal_ point at, 26-31; on English roads, 89 BRIDGE HEAD, the term, 25 BRIGHTON, a “reserve” town, 68 BRINDISI, 70, 77 BRITAIN, its place in the Roman Empire, 113 BURFORD BRIDGE and Stane Street, 170 BURGH HILL, 139 BURGHLEY PARK, near Stamford, 154 BURY, 169 CAEN, bridge at, and road convergence, 25 CANTERBURY and Christianity, 70; lowest bridge over Stour at, 97; and Richborough, 98; and Colchester, 103; and the early trackways, 120, 121, 122; as nucleus of Channel ports, 163 CHALK, road courses over, 34-5; characteristics of, 119; distribution in England, 119-20; and the early trackways, 119-20, 130, 131 CHALONS, disuse of Roman road from Rheims to, 157 CHANNEL, English (_see_ English Channel) CHESHIRE PLAIN, the, 128