CHESTER, terminal of north-west road, 70, 121; Roman garrison town, 71; road from to Penkridge, 72, 148, 161, 173; bridge at, 97; and early trackways, 129 CHICHESTER and Stane Street, 132, 139-40, 160, 166; harbours and Stane Street, 132 CHILTERNS, the, early trackway on, 120 CHRISTIAN RELIGION, spread of, along Roman roads, 70; in West Sussex, 153 CLAPHAM COMMON and Stane Street, 173 CLAY, effect of weather on, 11-12; road courses over, 33; Roman road-building on, 54; in the Weald, effect of on communications, 131-2, 165; and on West Sussex during Dark Ages, 153 CLIFTON GORGE, 129 CLIMATE, dampness of English, 105 COAST ROADS, features of on south coast of England, 98-9 COLCHESTER, 103; trackway from London to, 122 COLOGNE, bridge at, 21, 29, 75; Roman road from Paris to, 140 CONSTANTINOPLE, 77 COST, factor of in influencing number, size, and course of roads, 56-60; and the “strangling of communication,” 57 COTSWOLDS, the early trackway on, 120, 126 CRETE, 93 CYPRUS, 93 DAMASCUS, 70 DANES, the, in Sussex, 76 DARENTH, RIVER, 19 DARK AGES, the, use of Roman roads in, 147-8; disappearance of sections of road during, 148-50; breakdown of Roman river crossings during, 150-55; Roman roads on Continent during, 156-7; formation of disrepair of roads during, 158-9; pirates’ raids during, 162-3; disuse of Peddars Way in, 175; and the growth of a local road system, 177 DEE, RIVER, bridge over, at Chester, 97 DEVON, roads along south coast of, 98, 138; and the Fosse Way, 127; and traffic during Dark Ages, 132 DORCHESTER (Oxon), bridge over Thames at, 102; a wheat-growing centre, 128 DORKING and Stane Street, 166, 169-70 DORSET, trackway from Salisbury Plain to, 119; derivation of name, 119; and the Fosse Way, 127, 138; and traffic during Dark Ages, 132 DOVER, Roman road to Richborough from, 98; port for Roman troops, 103; and London, 108; early trackway through Canterbury to, 122; Straits of (_see_ Straits of Dover) DOWN BARN, near Andover, loop in road at, 138 DOWNS, Sussex, Wiltshire, &c., (_see_ under these names) DUNCTON HILL and Stane Street, 167 DUNWICH and coastal erosion, 176 DURAZZO, road from Constantinople to, 77 DURHAM, 125 EARTHAM and Stane Street, 51, 167 EAST ANGLIA, Roman campaigns in, 102; wheat growing in, 128; and Peddars Way, 174-5 EDGWARE ROAD, site of trackway, 121 EGYPT, Roman trunk road from to Northumberland, 70 “ENCLOSURE,” effect of on roads, 90 ENGLAND, north and south, tendency of division into, 127-8 ENGLISH CHANNEL, the, and the Chalk ridges, 35, 126