The fourth, and to Americans perhaps the most interesting Old World member of this Subfamily, is the serow (_Næmorhedus_), locally known as the forest goat. This genus is perhaps, more closely allied to _Oreamnos_ than any of the preceding genera, and its horns resemble those of the mountain goat, but are shorter and thicker. The genus _Næmorhedus_ inhabits the Himalayas, Tibet and China with outlying representatives in Burma, Sumatra, Formosa and Japan and it is divided into numerous species. The fifth genus is _Oreamnos_, the subject of this article. All the members of these genera resemble the goat in tooth structure, but differ widely from them in the position and shape of the horns, face glands and other important details. The whole group is to be regarded as an early off-shoot of the _Bovidæ_, to some extent intermediate between the goats and the true bovine antelopes. The _Rupicaprinæ_ must have pushed north, with their not distant ally the musk-ox, at a very early time and become adjusted to alpine and boreal conditions. At the close of the glacial period many of its members deserted the low country and retired to high altitudes so that in some instances, notably that of the chamois, we have an example of discontinuous distribution. Its sole American representative probably reached this continent by way of the Bering Sea land connection, during the middle Pleistocene, together with the other American genera of the _Bovidæ_. [Illustration: ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT KILLED, AUGUST, 1902, BY ANDREW J. STONE IN THE SCHESLEY MOUNTAINS, BRITISH COLUMBIA. Measurements of the animal, in detail, are given on page 35] [Illustration: HEAD OF THE GOAT SHOWN ON THE OPPOSITE PAGE.] GENERIC CHARACTERS.