No one, again, will call these statements exaggerated who knows the Roman
history of his faithful servant and soldier, Ammianus Marcellinus, and
especially the later books of it, in which he sets forth the state of the
Empire after Julian's death, under Jovian, Procopius, Valentinian, (who
kept close to his bed-chamber two she-bears who used to eat men, one
called Golden Camel, and the other Innocence--which latter, when she had
devoured a sufficiency of his living victims, he set free in the forests
as a reward for her services--a brutal tyrant, whose only virtue seems to
have been his chastity); and Valens, the shameless extortioner who
perished in that great battle of Adrianople, of which more hereafter. The
last five remaining books of the honest soldier's story are a tissue of
horrors, from reading which one turns away as from a slaughter-house or a
witches' sabbath.
No one, again, will think these statements exaggerated who knows
Salvian's De Gubernatione Dei. It has been always and most justly held
in high esteem, as one great authority of the state of Gaul when
conquered by the Franks and Goths and Vandals.
Salvian was a Christian gentleman, born somewhere near Treves. He
married a Pagan lady of Cologne, converted her, had by her a daughter,
and then persuaded her to devote herself to celibacy, while he did the
like. His father-in-law, Hypatius, quarrelled with him on this account;
and the letter in which he tries to soothe the old man is still extant, a
curious specimen of the style of cultivated men in that day. Salvian
then went down to the south of France and became a priest at Marseilles,
and tutor to the sons of Eucherius, the Bishop of Lyons. Eucherius,
himself a good man, speaks in terms of passionate admiration of Salvian,
his goodness, sanctity, learning, talents. Gennadius (who describes him
as still living when he wrote, about 490) calls him among other
encomiums, the Master of Bishops; and both mention familiarly this very
work, by which he became notorious in his own day, and which he wrote
about 450 or 455, during the invasion of the Britons. So that we may
trust fully that we have hold of an authentic contemporaneous work,
written by a good man and true.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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