The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the RepublicBotsford, George Willis
History
The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic
Botsford, George Willis
Constitutional law -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
In 357 tribal comitia under patrician chairmanship passed a law
for placing a tax of five per cent on manumissions of slaves. The
circumstances attending this meeting were peculiar; the consul Cn.
Manlius summoned to it the soldiers of his army in the camp at
Sutrium.[1807] It must have been composed, therefore, of a small minority
of the citizens, lacking not only those who were too old for service, but
doubtless a majority of the men of military age. Difficulties regarding
the auspices, too, and other formalities might have arisen; and yet
in spite of the fact that the enactment of the law was an intrusion
within the administrative domain of the senate, the patres gave their
sanction;[1808] and the legality of the measure was never called in
question.[1809] In contrast with the general prevalence of free labor
in early Rome, the number of slaves since the conquest of Veii had
become considerable; and wealthy individuals were evidently beginning
the practice of building up a political following through the clientage
of their freedmen, to the disadvantage of the older plebs. The majority
of the patricians must have been in sympathy with the effort of their
consul to check this new development, although they could not approve
the peculiar means by which the law was passed. Nor could the tribunes
of the plebs allow legislation to be thus removed beyond the sphere of
their control. The repetition of the procedure was immediately forbidden
accordingly by a plebiscite which threatened with the death penalty
any magistrate who held comitia away from the city.[1810] In the same
year the people took a further step in the administration of finance by
enacting the Duillian-Menenian plebiscite for establishing the rate of
interest at ten per cent[1811]—thereby confirming a law of the Twelve
Tables[1812]—and five years later the consular law of P. Valerius
Publicola and C. Marcius Rutilus for the institution of a bank under
the direction of five commissioners to assist debtors in meeting their
obligations (352).[1813] The latter was followed in 347 by a plebiscite
which reduced the maximal rate of interest to five per cent and provided
for the payment of the principal in four equal annual instalments.[1814]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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