negotiated, as in earlier time, by the magistrate or senate or by both in conjunction.[1836] The details, too, of every treaty were still left to the magistrates and senate, so that to the end of the republic the senatus consultum continued to be indispensable.[1837] But from the time of the Caudine misfortune, and in consequence of it, the principle was established that a treaty involving a concession of even equal rights on the part of Rome required the sanction of a popular vote. Recorded instances of such ratification for this period (321-287) are rare.[1838] The function fell to the comitia tributa under patrician or plebeian presidency, which in its exercise showed more independence[1839] than did the comitia centuriata in the declaration of wars. In this way the tribal assembly took its place by the side of the centuriate in international affairs.[1840] The absolute power to bestow the citizenship exercised by the kings[1841] would naturally pass undiminished to the consuls, and thence to the censors on the institution of the latter. It is in fact the opinion of Lange[1842] that these magistrates respectively exercised full rights in the matter, and that they consulted the senate in important cases only. At all events the question is simply as to the relative participation of the magistrates and the senate in the function. The final settlement of Latium after the war, involving the bestowal of citizenship, 338, the senate seems to have attended to alone through a consultum, no mention being made of the people.[1843] In the whole course of Roman history to 332 there is no record of a grant of citizenship by popular vote.[1844] As the Acerrani were left out of account by the senatus consultum above mentioned, L. Papirius in 332 through the first recorded pretorian law granted them the civitas sine suffragio.[1845] In opinion of Lange,[1846] based upon a statement of Velleius,[1847] the censors of the year, Q. Publilius Philo and Sp. Postumius, while enrolling the new citizens, probably obtained a senatus consultum requesting the praetor to bring this subject before the tribes. That a senatorial decree was essential is proved by the case of the Privernates mentioned below. We may well believe that the great plebeian statesman Publilius gladly embraced the opportunity to make the tribal assembly a partner in the important function of imparting the rights of the city. Three years afterward an order of the people, doubtless of the tribes, ex auctoritate patrum, granted the citizenship to the Privernates, 329.[1848] By what authority the Hernicans received the civitas sine suffragio in 306 is not stated.[1849] Long after the Hortensian legislation the principle was established that the people alone without the authorization of the senate had a right to bestow the ius suffragii on whomsoever they pleased.[1850] Logically the function should have fallen to the comitia centuriata as