The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the RepublicBotsford, George Willis
History
The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic
Botsford, George Willis
Constitutional law -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
“For it orders the tribune of the plebs who has passed this law
to elect ten decemvirs by the votes of seventeen tribes in such
a way that he shall be decemvir whom nine tribes (a majority
of the seventeen) have elected. Here I ask on what account he
(the proposer of the law) has made a beginning of his measures
and statutes in such form as to deprive the Roman people of
their right to vote.... For since it is fitting for every
power, command, and commission to proceed from the entire Roman
people, those especially ought to do so which are established
for some use or advantage of the people, in which case they all
together choose also the man who they think will look out more
carefully for the interest of the Roman people, and each one by
his own zeal and his own vote assists to make a road by which
he may obtain some individual benefit for himself. This is the
tribune to whom it has occurred, more than to any one else, to
deprive the entire Roman people of the right to vote, and to
summon a few tribes, not by any fixed legal condition, but by
the favor of sortition, to usurp the liberty of all.”[736]
Even if the tribes were represented by no more than five men each, and
these men not voting in their own tribes, the assembly was nevertheless
comitia tributa populi.[737] This distinction—recognized by Cicero and
his contemporaries—between an assembly of the whole people as represented
by all the voting divisions and an assembly of a part of the people as
represented by some of the voting divisions, is incompatible with the
distinction formulated by Laelius. Though an antiquarian might make
much of the presence or absence of a few patricians, a man who lived in
the present, as did Cicero, probably never troubled himself about such
unpractical matters.[738]
From the evidence as to Cicero’s usage given above, we must draw the
following conclusions:
1. He often uses comitia to denote the plebeian tribal
assembly, just as Livy does.
2. He regularly uses comitia to denote the assembly of
seventeen tribes for the election of sacerdotes. In this
respect his usage is the same as Livy’s.
3. He is ready to call the senate comitia, should it usurp the
elective function—an anticipation of imperial usage.
4. His distinction between an assembly of the whole people and
an assembly of a part of the people is incompatible with the
definition of Laelius.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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