Footnote 512: I have assumed that _Moneta_ is connected with _moneo_; but there are other views (Roscher, _Lex._ 593). Livius Andronicus (ap. Priscian, p. 679) helps us to the meaning by translating Μνημοσύνη (of the _Odyssey_) by _Moneta_. Footnote 513: Macrob. _Sat._ 1. 12. 22 and 31. There was no temple of Carna there but Tertullianus (_ad Nat._ 2. 9) mentions a _fanum_. Footnote 514: Cp. also the explanation from _iuniores_ (e. g. in Ovid, _Fasti_, 6. 83 foll.). Footnote 515: Macrob. 1. 12. 33 ‘Cui pulte fabacia et larido sacrificatur.’ Footnote 516: Even in the fourth century A.D. this was so: see the calendar of Philocalus. Footnote 517: Colum. II. 2. 20; Pallad. 7. 3; Hartmann, _Das Röm. Kal._ 135. Footnote 518: _H. N._ 18. 117. Footnote 519: See above on Lemuria, p. 110. Footnote 520: _de Feriis_, xiii. Footnote 521: _C. I. L._ iii. 3893. Footnote 522: There is really nothing in common between the two: see Wissowa in _Lex._ s. v. Carna, following Merkel, clxv. What the real etymology of Carna may be is undecided; Curtius and others have connected it with _cor_, and on this O. Gilbert has built much foolish conjecture (ii. 19 foll.). I would rather compare it with the words Garanus or Recaranus of the Hercules legend (Bréal, _Herc. et Cacus_, pp. 59, 60), and perhaps with Gradivus, Grabovius. The name of the ‘nymph’ Cranae in Ovid’s account is in some MSS. Grane or Crane. H. Peter (_Fasti_, pt. ii. p. 89) adopts the connexion with _caro_: she is ‘die das Fleisch kräftigende Göttin’ (cp. Ossipago). Footnote 523: _Fasti_, 6. 169-182. Lines 101-130 are concerned with Cardea; 130 to 168, or the middle section of the comment, seem, as Marquardt suggested (p. 13, note), to be referable to Carna (as the averter of _striges_), though the charms fixed on the _postes_ show that Ovid is still confounding her with Cardea. Footnote 524: The word _strix_ is Greek, or at least identical with the Greek word. But the belief in vampires is so widely spread (cf. Tylor, _Prim. Cult._ ii. 175 foll.) that we must not conclude hastily that it came to Italy with the Greeks: it is met with as early as Plautus (_Pseud._ 3. 2. 20). Cf. Pliny, _H. N._ 11. 232. Footnote 525: _Fasti_, 6. 155 foll. Footnote 526: The _arbutus_ does not seem to be mentioned in connexion with charms except in this passage; we might have expected the laurel. Bötticher, _Baumkultus_, 324. Footnote 527: The sucking-pig is sacrificed, as we gather from _prosecta_ below; i. e. to Carna: cp. the cakes of _lard_ eaten this day (169 foll.). Footnote 528: Cp. in the process of ghost-laying (above, p. 109) the prohibition to look at the beans scattered. Footnote 529: For the blackthorn (Germ. _Weissdorn_) see Bötticher, _Baumkultus_, 361. Varro, ap. Charisium, p. 117 ‘fax ex spinu alba praefertur, quod purgationis causa adhibetur.’ Footnote 530: