This is the passage that must have inspired O. Crusius in his paper on beans in _Rhein. Mus._ xxxix. 164 foll. ‘Beans,’ he says, ‘were the oldest Italian food, and like stone knives, &c., survived in ritual.’ We want, indeed, some more definite proof that they were really the oldest food; and anyhow their use had not died out like that of stone implements. They were a common article of food at Athens: Aristoph. _Knights_, 41; _Lysist._ 537 and 691. But it is not unlikely that their use in the cult of the dead may be a survival, upon which odd superstitions grafted themselves. For a parallel argument see Roscher, _Nektar und Ambrosia_, 36; Rhys, _Celtic Mythology_, 356. Footnote 531: _Sat._ 1. 12. 32. Footnote 532: No safe conclusion can be drawn from Tertullian’s inclusion (_ad Nat._ 2. 9) of the _fanum_ of Carna on the Caelian among those of _di adventicii_. O. Gilbert has lately tried to make much of this (ii. 42 foll.), and to find an Etruscan origin for Carna: but see Aust on the position of temples outside the _pomoerium_ (_de Aedibus sacris_, 47). Footnote 533: Liv. 7. 23; Dionys. 6. 13. Footnote 534: See on March 1, above, p. 37. Footnote 535: Aust, _de Aedibus sacris_, p. 8. The _Fasti Venusini_ are ‘omnium accuratissimi’; ib. p. 43. Aust goes so far as to doubt the true Roman character of this Mars, and believes him to be the Greek god Ares. See his note in _Lex._ 2391. The date of foundation is not certain, but was probably not earlier than the Gallic war, 388 B.C., if it is this to which Livy alludes in 6. 5. 8. Footnote 536: Liv. 10. 19. There was a tradition that Ap. Claudius, _Cos._ 495 B.C., had dedicated statues of his ancestors in a temple of Bellona (Pliny, _N. H._ 35. 12). Footnote 537: Serv. _Aen._ ix. 53. Footnote 538: Liv. 1. 32. 12; Marq. 422. Footnote 539: Ovid, _Fasti_, 6. 205 foll.; Paulus, 33. Footnote 540: Willems, _Le Sénat de la République_, ii. 161. Footnote 541: This was originally suggested by Gellius (13. 23), ‘perhaps not without some reason,’ says Marquardt (75). This suggestion has grown almost into a certainty for the writer in the _Lexicon_, in a manner very characteristic of the present age of research. There would be some reason to think that Bellona (or Duellona) was an ancient goddess of central Italy, if we could be sure that the inscription on an ancient cup, in the museum at Florence, which may be read ‘Belolae poculum’ (_C. I. L._ i. 44), refers to this deity. See _Lex._ s. v. Belola. Footnote 542: Ovid, _Fasti_, 6. 209. See _Commentarii in honorem Th. Mommseni_, 262 foll. (Klügmann), and R. Peter in _Lex._ s. v. Herc. p. 2979. Footnote 543: Preller-Jordan, ii. 296. Footnote 544: See below, p. 146. Footnote 545: 9. 60, where Ζεὺς Πίστιος = Dius Fidius. Footnote 546: