The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus: During the Reigns of the Emperors Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinian, and ValensAmmianus Marcellinus
History
The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus: During the Reigns of the Emperors Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinian, and Valens
Ammianus Marcellinus
Rome -- History -- Empire, 284-476
3. Then in order to alarm the enemy by the idea of his superior numbers,
should they attack him anywhere, or perceive him from a distance, he
opened his ranks so as to spread both horses and men over a larger
space, in such a way that the rear was distant from the van nearly ten
miles; a manoeuvre of great skill which Pyrrhus of Epirus is said to
have often put in practice, extending his camp, or his lines, and
sometimes on the other hand compressing them all, so as to present an
appearance of greater or lesser numbers than the reality, according to
the circumstances of the moment.
4. The baggage, the sutlers, all the camp-followers, and every kind of
equipment, he placed between the two flanks of troops as they marched,
so as not to leave them unprotected and liable to be carried off by any
sudden attack, as has often happened. The fleet, although the river was
exceedingly winding, was not allowed either to fall behind or to advance
before the army.
5. After two days' march we came near a deserted town called Dura, on
the bank of the river, where many herds of deer were found, some of
which were slain by arrows, and others knocked down with the heavy oars,
so that soldiers and sailors all had plenty of food; though the greater
part of the animals, being used to swimming, plunged into the rapid
stream and could not be stopped till they had reached their well known
haunts.
6. Then after an easy march of four days, as evening came on, he
embarked a thousand light-armed troops on board his boats, and sent the
Count Lucillianus to storm the fortress of Anatha, which, like many
other forts in that country, is surrounded by the waters of the
Euphrates; Lucillianus having, as he was ordered, placed his ships in
suitable places, besieged the island, a cloudy night favouring a secret
assault.
7. But as soon as it became light, one of the garrison going out to get
water, saw the enemy, and immediately raised an outcry, which roused the
awakened garrison to arm in their defence. And presently, from a high
watch-tower, the emperor examined the situation of the fort, and came up
with all speed escorted by two vessels, and followed by a considerable
squadron laden with engines for the siege.
8. And as he approached the walls, and considered that the contest could
not be carried on without great risk, he tried both by conciliatory and
threatening language to induce the garrison to surrender; and they,
having invited Hormisdas to a conference, were won over by his promises
and oaths to rely on the mercy of the Romans.
9. At last, driving before them a crowned ox, which among them is a sign
of peace, they descended from the fort as suppliants; the fort was
burnt, and Pusæus, its commander, who was afterwards Duke of Egypt, was
appointed to the rank of tribune. The rest of the garrison with their
families and property were conducted with all kindness to the Syrian
city of Chalcis.
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