The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd editionSellar, W. Y. (William Young)
History
The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd edition
Sellar, W. Y. (William Young)
Latin poetry -- History and criticism
These three plays show Plautus at his best in regard to the delineation
of character, to moral tendency, to the conduct of a story by means
of humorous incidents and situations. The three which still remain to
be considered assert his claim to some share of poetic feeling and
genius, and to at least some sympathy with the more elevated motives
and sentiments which dignify human life. The 'Rudens' is inferior to
several of the other plays in purely dramatic interest; but it has all
the charm and freshness of a sea-idyl. The outward picture imprinted
on the imagination is that of a bright morning after a storm, of
which the effects are still apparent in the unroofing of the villa of
Daemones, in the wild commotion of the sea[236], in the desolation
of the two shipwrecked women wandering about among the lonely rocks
where they have been cast ashore, in the touching complaint of the
poor fishermen deprived by the storm of their chance of earning their
daily bread. The action, which consists in the rescue of innocence from
villainy, and in the recognition of a lost daughter by her father,
entirely enlists both the moral and the humane sympathies. There is
imaginative as well as humorous originality in the soliloquies of
Gripus, and in his altercation with Trachalio; and a sense of sardonic
satisfaction is experienced in contemplating the plight of Labrax (a
weaker and meaner ruffian than Ballio) and his confederate chattering
with cold and bewailing the loss of their ill-gotten gains. But the
peculiar charm of the play, as compared with any of those which has
been already noticed, is the sentiment of natural piety--not unlike
that expressed in the 'rustica Phidyle,' of Horace[237]--by which the
drama is pervaded. This key-note is struck in the prologue uttered by
Arcturus, whose function it is to shine in the sky during the night,
and during the day to wander over the earth, and report to Jove on the
good and evil deeds of men.
'Quist imperator divom atque hominum Iuppiter,
Is nos per gentis hic alium alia disparat,
Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem
Noscamus, ut quemque adjuvet opulentia.[238]
The affinity of piety to mercy is exhibited in the part played by the
priestess of Venus--
Manus mihi date, exurgite a pedibus ambae,
Misericordior nulla mest feminarum;[239]
and the natural trust of innocence and good faith in divine protection
is exemplified by the confidence with which the shipwrecked women take
refuge at the altar of Venus.
Tibi auscultamus et, Venus alma, ambae te opsecramus
Aram amplexantes hanc tuam lacrumantes, genibus nixae,
In custodelam nos tuam ut recipias et tutere, etc.[240]
Even the moral sentiment expressed is of a finer quality than the
maxims of rough good sense and probity which we find, for instance, in
the Trinummus. When Gripus tells his master that he is poor owing to
his scrupulous piety--
Isto tu's pauper, quom nimis sancte piu's--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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