The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd editionSellar, W. Y. (William Young)
History
The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd edition
Sellar, W. Y. (William Young)
Latin poetry -- History and criticism
Something of the same kind is implied in the warning addressed by his
father to the young Horace. Any breach of the sanctities of family life
is invariably reprobated. On the rare occasions where such breaches
occur--as in the Aulularia--they are repaired by marriage. Any one
aspiring to play the part of a Lothario--as in the Miles Gloriosus--is
made an object both of punishment and ridicule. In this respect the
comedy of Plautus contrasts favourably with our own comic drama of the
Restoration. There are no scenes in these plays intended or calculated
to stimulate the passions; and although there are coarse expressions
and allusions in almost all of them, yet the coarseness of Plautus
is not to be compared with that of Lucilius, Catullus, Martial, or
Juvenal. It is rather in the absence of any virtuous ideal, than in
positive incitements to vice, that the Plautine comedy might be called
immoral. Although family honour is treated as secure from violation,
there is no pure feeling about family life. Sons are afraid of their
fathers, run into debt without their knowledge, deceive them in every
possible way, occasionally express a wish that their death might
enable them to treat their mistresses more generously. Husbands fear
their wives and speak on all occasions bitterly against them. Plautus
was evidently more familiar with the ways of the 'libertinae' than
of Roman matrons of the better sort; and thus while we see little of
the latter, what we hear of them is not to their advantage. The only
obligation which young men seem to acknowledge is that of honour and
friendly service to one another. So too slaves, while they hold it as
their first duty to lie and swindle in behalf of their young masters,
feel the duty of absolute devotion and sacrifice of themselves to their
interests. Plautus shows scarcely any of the Roman feeling of dignity
or seriousness, or any regard for patriotism or public duty. There is
everywhere abundance of good humour and good sense, but, except in the
Captivi and Rudens, we find scarcely any pathos or elevated feeling.
The ideal of character which satisfies most of his personages might
almost be expressed in the words of Stalagmus in the Captivi--
Fui ego bellus, lepidus,--bonus vir nunquam neque frugi bonae
Neque ero unquam.[252]
But the life of careless freedom and strong animal spirits which
Plautus shaped with prodigal power into humorous scenes and
representations for the holiday amusements of the mass of his
fellow-citizens, does not admit of being tried by any moral or social
standard of usefulness. It would be equally unprofitable to search
for any consistent vein of irony in him, or any deep intuition into
the paradoxes of life. He is to be judged and valued on the grounds
put forward in the epitaph, which was in ancient times attributed to
himself,--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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