Baxter, in his glossary, derives it from the ancient British words _Pen ual_, the head of the Wall. A comparatively modern village would hardly take a Celtic name; besides, although the Roman station has a commanding prospect in a military point of view, it is scarcely so elevated as to be entitled to the epithet of Pen or Ben; the village of Benwell is below it. Footnote 70: History of Manchester, i. 224. Footnote 71: The cottage is still standing in the neighbourhood of Wylam, in which George Stephenson first saw the light. Aided, in due time, by his son, worthy of such a father, he did more than any other man to elaborate our present railway system. The antiquary who has been revelling in the associations of the past will scarcely fail, as he looks down from his Wall-traversed heights upon the vale which gave birth to such a man, to give for a moment the reins to his imagination, and suffering his mind to penetrate the mists of futurity, ruminate upon the changes which the efforts of the Stephensons are destined to produce, not only in the physical, but in the moral aspect of society. Footnote 72: Derived from wall and _botle_, the Saxon for an abode. Footnote 73: Anciently written Throcklow. Low, or Law, is applied either to a low, round-topped eminence, or an artificial mound. Footnote 74: Hodgson, II. iii. 178. Footnote 75: Britannia Romana, 139. Footnote 76: Note in Lappenberg’s Anglo-Saxon Kings, i. 91. Footnote 77: The road leaves the Wall here, and keeps to the right of the hill. The north side of the hill is planted with trees, and it is interesting to notice in the summit of the plantation, a dip, corresponding to the depression of the fosse of the Wall. Footnote 78: Unable to resist the positive testimony of an intelligent eye-witness, I was, at first, disposed to think that he had included in his measurement some chamber on the inside of the station wall. I am now prepared to receive the statement without deduction. Some recent excavations at Risingham have laid bare a part of the curtain wall which has been built double, the intervening space, or chamber, being filled up with rubble and rubbish run together with lime, so as to form a solid mass of masonry of considerable thickness. The object of this arrangement may have been, to form a solid, elevated platform, for the use of the soldiery. Footnote 79: Both Horsley and Lingard had previously noticed it. Horsley says he was told by a countryman that ‘it was what the speaking trumpet was laid in.’ Footnote 80: The aqueduct was not traced on the Halton side of the valley, so that the precise point where it joined the station is not known; it is now entirely removed. Footnote 81: Several of the sculptures at Matfen were sent to Alnwick Castle. Wallis uses the term, ‘centurial stone,’ very loosely, applying it even to the large Milking-gap slab. Footnote 82: