A faint straight-edged beam of light, or “sheath,” accompanied the
comet, enveloping the head and projecting like a hood three or four
degrees in front. Besides this, three or four irregular shreds of
cometary matter were detected, escorting the comet, as it were, like
airplanes, at a distance of three or four degrees when first seen, but
gradually receding from it, and at the same time growing fainter. The
actual length of the comet’s train at one time exceeded one hundred
million miles, more than the distance of the sun from the earth. (If the
head of the comet had rested on the earth, and its train stretched
outward toward the sun, it would have extended seven million miles
beyond that luminary.)
The trains of comets have been grouped under three types, _viz._, the
long straight rays as shown in the photograph of Halley’s comet, though
this was only one of the many outlines assumed; the second is the
curved, plume-like train resembling that of the comet of Donati; and
thirdly the short stubby brushes violently curved. The great Daylight
comet had a greatly curved train belonging to the second type, and it
was mainly composed of carbon compounds. The curvature of the train was
due to matter for which the repulsive force is only a fraction of the
gravitational force. The pressure of light from the sun was a most
important factor in the formation of its train.
When the fierce pressure of the sun’s light strikes upon the particles
forming the train, it drives the particles which are of the same
relative size as the particles of light along with them, just as when
the waves of the sea break against a beach they tend to drive small
pebbles and sand upward along the beach.
HINTS FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS
To an amateur photographer who desires to obtain the picture of a comet
which may appear perchance in the near future, their capricious
appearance at unexpected periods being one of their charms, the
following hints may be most acceptable. For work of this kind an
equatorial telescope is used with a photographic lens and camera
strapped thereon. The telescope is mounted on an axis that is parallel
to the earth’s axis, and is made to rotate westward by what is called a
driving-clock just as fast as the earth turns to the east. It will
follow the motion of the sky (which apparently drifts westward), and
keep every star approximately fixed in the field of view, or on the
photographic plate in the attached camera.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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