Members of the same ant community are known to recognise each other, and this is no less the case with the white ants, or termites. Thus when a few of the latter were removed from the termitary and returned to it after five or six hours, the population showed no signs of alarm—not scurrying wildly about as they would have done had strangers been introduced—but remained quiet and orderly. It was objected, however, though I cannot see the force of such an objection, that the exiles, on their return, would have instantly recognised their old nest, and thus, knowing exactly where to go and what to do, they would have created no disorder, and consequently roused no suspicion, amongst the other members of the colony. To meet this theory Professor Grassi provided one of his colonies with a new nest from which he excluded a certain number of individuals, so that when these were introduced into it, an hour or two after their companions had settled down in their fresh abode, it was, of course, quite unfamiliar to them. In spite of this, however, they caused no disturbance, but were clearly recognised as friends. When, however, a few strangers of the same species were introduced, they created great alarm amongst the rightful proprietors, who scattered in all directions. In a little while, however, all was again quiet, and as no fighting was observed, it would appear that, amongst the termites, strangers from different nests soon become friendly with one another. This, however, applies to the commoners only, it is not the same where royalty is concerned. Thus when a second king and queen were introduced into a termitary already provided with a pair, they were at once attacked by the subjects of the latter, who loyally bit off their legs. Two days afterwards the reigning queen was herself seen to attack the male pretender, or rather unfortunate victim of scientific curiosity. He, however, though without legs to assist him, managed to drag himself away, but was afterwards found dead, with the outraged queen nibbling vindictively at his mutilated stumps. Next day the stranger queen was also found dead, and the same thing always happened whenever the experiment was repeated. Sometimes, indeed, the supernumerary royal pair, or pairs, had disappeared altogether, from which it seems clear that they must have been not only killed, but eaten.