Ant partnerships—How some ants feed—Persuasive methods—An 159 _imperium in imperio_—Amusement by instinct—Begging the question—Nest within nest—Ant errors _v._ human perfection—Distorted arguments—How partnerships begin—Housing an enemy—Ant ogres CHAPTER XV Ant wonders—Leaves cut for mushroom growing—How ants plant 172 mushrooms—A nest in a mushroom-bed—“Psychic plasticity”—Two opinions—Ant stupidity—Unfair comparisons—The ant and the servant-maid—Mushroom-growing beetles—Choked by ambrosia—Intelligent uselessness—Automatic phraseology—A curious insect CHAPTER XVI From wood to ambrosia—Wood-boring beetles—Rival claimants—Stag and 188 other beetles—Metempsychosis—Flies with horns—Comical combatants—Female encouragement—The sacred Scarabæus—A beetle with a profession—Table companions—Old and new fallacies—From theft to partnership CHAPTER XVII Do ants sow and reap?—Rival observers—The Texan _v._ Macaulay’s 200 schoolboy—More evidence wanted—How ants cross rivers—Tubular bridges—Ant armies—A world in flight—Living nests—Ants and plants—Mutual dependence—Nests in thorns and tubers—Ant honey-pots—Business humanity—Burial customs—A strange observation—Two views of ants CHAPTER XVIII Bees and wasps—A bee’s masonry—What happens to caterpillars—Living 218 food—Variations in instinct—A wasp’s implement—Unreal distinctions—A cautious observer—Bees that make tunnels—A wonderful instinct—Leaf-cutting bees—Nests made of poppy-leaves—Born in the purple—Commercial philosophy—The appreciative white man—Economy of labour—Bees and rats—Busy shadows—A bee double CHAPTER XIX Natural selection—Protective resemblances—A locust’s 238 stratagem—Mock leaf-cutting ants—Flowery dissemblers—A Malay explanation—Snake-suggesting caterpillars—A prudent lizard—Inconclusive experiments—A bogus ant—Flies that live with bees—A caterpillar that dresses up—A portrait-modelling caterpillar CHAPTER XX Butterfly resemblances—A living leaf—How spiders trap 255 butterflies—Butterfly doubles—Suggested explanation—More evidence wanted—Warning coloration—A theory on trust—A straightforward test—Advice to naturalists—A strange omission CHAPTER XXI Sights of the forest—A butterfly bridge—Bird-winged 272 butterflies—“What’s in a name?”—Scientific sensibility—Resemblance _v._ mimicry—A convenient wrong word—Beauty in nature—Nuptial display—Strange counter-theory—_Lucus a non lucendo_—Reasoning by contraries—True in Topsy-turvydom—Butterfly courtship—Form and colour—A curious suggestion—Powers of defective eyesight CHAPTER XXII