THE ROMANIZATION OF ROMAN BRITAIN by F. HAVERFIELD Second Edition, Greatly Enlarged With Twenty-One Illustrations Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1912 [Illustration: HEAD OF GORGON, FROM THE PEDIMENT OF THE TEMPLE OF SUL MINERVA AT BATH (1/7). (SEE PAGE 42.)] Henry Frowde Publisher to the University of Oxford London, Edinburgh, New York Toronto And Melbourne PREFACE The following paper was originally read to the British Academy in 1905, and published in the second Volume of its Proceedings (pp. 185-217) and in a separate form (London, Frowde). The latter has been sometime out of print, and, as there was apparently some demand for a reprint, the Delegates of the Press have consented to issue a revised and enlarged edition. I have added considerably to both text and illustrations and corrected where it seemed necessary, and I have endeavoured so to word the matter that the text, though not the footnotes, can be read by any one who is interested in the subject, without any special knowledge of Latin. F. HAVERFIELD. OXFORD, April 22, 1912 CONTENTS CHAPTER LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. THE ROMANIZATION OF THE EMPIRE 2. PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON ROMAN BRITAIN 3. ROMANIZATION OF BRITAIN IN LANGUAGE 4. ROMANIZATION IN MATERIAL CIVILIZATION 5. ROMANIZATION IN ART 6. ROMANIZATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND LAND-SYSTEM 7. CHRONOLOGY OF THE ROMANIZATION 8. THE SEQUEL, THE CELTIC REVIVAL IN THE LATER EMPIRE INDEX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. Head of Gorgon from Bath. (From a photograph) Frontispiece 1. The Civil and Military Districts of Britain 2, 3, and 4. Inscribed tiles from Silchester. (From photographs) 5. Inscribed tile from Silchester. (From a drawing by Sir E. M. Thompson) 6. Inscribed tile from Plaxtol, Kent, and reconstruction of lettering. (From photographs) 7. Ground-plans of Romano-British Temples. (From _Archaeologia_) 8. Ground-plan of Corridor House, Frilford. (From plan by Sir A. J. Evans) 9. Ground-plan of Roman House at Northleigh, Oxfordshire 10. Plan of a part of Silchester, showing the arrangement of the private houses and the Forum and Christian Church. (From _Archaeologia_) 11. Painted pattern on wall-plaster at Silchester.(Restoration by G. E. Fox in _Archaeologia_) 12. Plan of British Village at Din Lligwy. (From _Archaeologia Cambrensis_) 13. Late Celtic Metal Work in the British Museum.(From a photograph) 14. Fragments of New Forest pottery with leaf patterns. (From _Archaeologia_) 15. Urns of Castor Ware. (From photographs) 16. Hunting Scenes from Castor Ware. (From _Artis, Durobrivae_) 17. Fragment of Castor Ware showing Hercules and Hesione. (After C. R. Smith) 18. The Corbridge Lion. (From a photograph) 19. Dragon-brooches. (From a drawing by C. J. Praetorius) 20. Inscription from Caerwent illustrating Cantonal Government. (From a drawing) 21. Ogam inscription from Silchester. (From a drawing by C. J. Praetorius)