p. 39, l. 1349. «cas» is an erratum for «ras».—“Ras, shave.” “Rees 1693, evening.” These explanations given by the editor of the Roxb. Club ed. are wrong. «Ras» and «rees» being both derived from O.E. «r[^æ]s», “impetus cursus,” are indiscriminately used in three meanings: (1) “onset, assault;” (2) “course, run, rush, haste, hurry;” (3) “space, time, occasion.” The last signification is well shewn by the following passages: “Hit lasteþ but a lutel rees.” («Cl. Maydenhod», l. 26.) “Þat ys to seye upon a rees, Stynkyng Saxone, be on pees.” («Arthur», ed. Furnivall, l. 525.) In the «Sowdan» «ras» or «rees» means (1) “time, instant, occasion,” ll. 1349, 1693; (2) “rush, hurry, haste,” ll. 645, 489. «rase», l. 774 = “current in the sea,” the same word as the preceding «ras» and «rees», meaning properly, “a narrow rush, or violent current of water.” See Morris, «Chaucer’s Prologue» (Clarendon Press), s. v. «reyse». Cf. the French expressions, “raz de mer,” “raz de courent,” “raz de marée.” p. 39, l. 1361. «sene» : «be». Read «se» as in ll. 1124, 658, 1826. p. 40, l. 1372. «ryden», which does not rhyme with «foghten», is evidently a clerical error. I suppose «soghten» to be the true reading. For examples of «soght» = “came, went, moved,” see Zupitza’s note to «Guy», l. 7151, and Skeat’s Glossary to «Specimens», s. v. «socht».—There is still another corruption in this passage, as «assembled» does not rhyme with «ordeyned». p. 40, l. 1380. Note the transition from the indirect to the direct speech. p. 40, l. 1381. As it stands, the line is too long and spoils the rhythm. The words “if ye cast me downe” can be dispensed with. p. 40, l. 1383. «thare» : «were» (O.E. werian). The rhyme is easily restored by reading «there» instead of «thare», cf. ll. 2604, 2404, 2245, etc. and see «Introduction», p. xxxv. [p119] p. 41, ll. 1419–22. Observe the weak rhymes alternating with the strong ones. p. 41, l. 1420. «brother» means “brother-in-law.” Oliver’s sister Aude was Roland’s intended bride. Perhaps also «brother» may be taken here in sense of “brother in arms,” as in most romances we find Roland and Oliver mentioned as a couple of true friends united by the most tender ties of comradeship. Besides, Oliver was highly indebted to Roland, who had rescued him when he had been made a prisoner after his duel with Ferragus. p. 41, l. 1423. «cowthe» miswritten for «caughte», which we read in ll. 1411, 1603. p. 41, l. 1424. «Ascopartes» is the correct form. See note on l. 495. p. 51, l. 1427. «foolde» cannot be “earth” here, for which the editor of the Roxburghe Club ed. takes it. «Foolde» is the participle past of «fealden», “to fold, plicare.” It means, “folded, bent down, fallen.” This seems also to be the sense of «folde» in the following passages: «Laȝamon», 23983–4: “Þa feol Frolle folde to grunde.” «Ibid.» ll. 27054–6: “Romanisce veollen fiftene hundred folden to grunden.” «Ibid.» ll. 20057–60: