“he þohte to quellen Þe king on his þeode & his folc valden volden to grunde.” Cf. «Stratmann», p. 194. p. 41, l. 1433. Roland and Olyver are taken prisoners. This incident is differently related in the other poems. There Roland is not taken at all, but sent afterwards among the messengers to the Soudan’s court. Together with Oliver four knights are taken, viz. Gwylmer, Berard, Geoffrey and Aubry, who all are carried away by the flying Saracens in spite of the efforts of Roland and Ogier. p. 42, l. 1451. «what» = “who.” See Koch, «Eng. Gr.» II. § 339, and Skeat’s note to «Piers the Plowman» (Clarendon Press), 113/19. So in ll. 1133, 1623. p. 42, l. 1456. «astyte» has nothing to do with the Latin «astutus» with which the editor of the Roxb. Club ed. apparently confounds it in explaining it as “cunningly devised.” «Astyte» means “at once, immediately, suddenly”; see Morris, Glossary to «Allit. Poems». It is a compound of the simple word «tyte», “soon, quickly,” which see above, l. 181. p. 43, l. 1475. «Turpyn.» The name of the archbishop is not mentioned in the Ashmolean version. The French text, ll. 1836–40, runs as follows: [p120] “Karles, nostre empereres, en est en piés levés, Il apela Milon et Turpin l’alosés, Deus rices arcevesques de moult grant sainteté: Faites moi tost uns fons beneir et sacrer; Je woel que cis rois soit bauptiziés et levés.” Cf. also the Provençal poem, l. 1899, «et seq.» p. 43, l. 1483. «nought for thane» = “nevertheless,” cf. Koch, «Eng. Gr.» II. p. 473. p. 43, l. 1486. «Rome» is a corruption of «Roye», as follows from the French «Fierabras», l. 1851: “C’est sains Florans de Roie, ce dist l’auctorités.” Cf. the Ashmole «Ferumbras», l. 1087, and Grœber, «Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie», IV. p. 167. p. 43, l. 1495. «affrayned», which must not be confounded with «affrayed», as the editor of the Roxburghe Club ed. does, means “asked, inquired.” It is the compound of «freynen» or «fraynen», O.E. «frignan», “to ask.” Goth. «fraihnan». Germ. «fragen». p. 43, l. 1497. «allayned», “concealed.” The simple verb «layne» (from Icel. «leyna», cf. Zupitza’s note to «Guy», l. 2994) is still retained in the Scottish dialect, with the sense of “to hide.” Cf. also Morris, «Allit. Poems», Gloss. s. v. «layned». p. 43, l. 1498. In the other poems the prisoners do not tell their true names; see «Introduction», pp. xxvii and xxix; and cf. «Syr Ferumbras», l. 1167. p. 43, l. 1499. Roland is nephew to Charlemagne on his mother’s side. See note to l. 1888, and cf. the Ashmole «Ferumbras», l. 2066. For Oliver, see above, note to l. 1250. p. 44, l. 1515. In the «Sowdan» Floripas herself advises Laban not to slay his captives, but to imprison them. In the other versions it is one of the barons who gives the same advice. See «Introduction», p. xxviii. p. 44, l. 1539. «depe» : «myrke». The rhyme will be restored by reading «dirke» or «derke» instead of «depe». «derke» occurs in l. 2541.