The Royal Institution: Its Founder and First ProfessorsJones, Bence
History
The Royal Institution: Its Founder and First Professors
Jones, Bence
Davy, Humphry, Sir, 1778-1829; Royal Institution of Great Britain; Rumford, Benjamin, Graf von, 1753-1814; Young, Thomas, 1773-1829
Already in other countries public and ample means have been
provided for pursuing these investigations. They have had their
origin in this country, and it would be dishonourable to a nation
so great, so powerful, and so rich if, from the want of pecuniary
resources, they should be completed abroad.
An appeal to enlightened individuals on this subject can scarcely
be made in vain. It is proposed that the instrument and apparatus
be erected in the laboratory of the Royal Institution, where it
shall be employed in the advancement of this new department of
science.
The Managers’ Minutes then say:
The above paper having been laid before the board of managers, they
felt it their indispensable duty instantly to communicate the same
to every member of the Institution, lest the slightest delay might
furnish an opportunity to other countries for accomplishing this
great work, which originated in the brilliant discoveries recently
made at the Royal Institution.
Lord Dundas, W. Watson, Thomas Bernard, and C. Hatchett, the
managers present, agreed to subscribe to this undertaking, and
ordered that a book be opened at the steward’s office for the
purpose of entering the names of all those who may wish to
contribute towards this important national object.[37]
The sum wanted was soon raised, and Davy thus described the battery:
‘It consists of 200 instruments, connected together in regular order,
each composed of ten double plates, arranged in cells of porcelain, and
containing in each plate thirty-two square inches; so that the whole
number of double plates is 2,000, and the whole surface 128,000 square
inches. This battery was charged with sixty parts water and one part of
nitric acid. It gave a spark from charcoal points through four inches
of air.’
On July 12 the Laboratory Notes say, ‘Tried the experiments upon the
decomposition of the earths by iron wire with the happiest results.’
These were obtained with the battery of only twenty pair.
On July 18 he wrote, ‘In pursuit of the researches on the deoxygenation
of diamond and charcoal.
‘Is not diamond the 2-oxide of carbon, charcoal the 1-oxide, the
gaseous oxide of carbon a triple compound of hydrogen, nitrogen, and
charcoal?’
On September 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 experiments were tried on the
production of cold by induced electricity. He tried the decomposition
of sulphur ‘with success.’ He tried to decompose mercury in the
Torricellian vacuum ‘with success apparently.’
‘Sulphur, after giving out hydrogen by electricity, had lost its
yellow colour and _was became brownish_, but still non-conducting,
crystalline, and transparent.’
Numberless experiments were made on the action of potassium on ammonia
and on nitrogen.
In November he must have injured his right hand, for his notes are made
with his left hand on the 19th and 20th of this month.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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