The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work — John Shaqi
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and WorkMaunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter)
History
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work
Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter)
Astronomy -- History; Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Beside these two great discoveries of aberration and nutation,
Bradley's reputation rests upon his magnificent observations of the
places of more than three thousand stars. This part of his work was
done with such thoroughness, that the star-places deduced from them
form the basis of most of our knowledge as to the actual movements
of individual stars. In particular, he was careful to investigate
and to correct for the errors of his instrument, and to determine
the laws of refraction, introducing corrections for changes in the
readings of thermometer and barometer. His tables of refraction
were used, indeed, for seventy years after his death. Of his other
labours it may be sufficient to refer to his determination of the
longitudes of Lisbon and of New York, and to his effort to ascertain
the parallax of the sun and moon, in combination with La Caille, who
was observing at the Cape of Good Hope.
As Astronomer Royal, Bradley's great achievement was the high
standard to which he raised the practical work of observation. From
his day onwards, also, there was always at least one assistant.
His first assistant was his own nephew, John Bradley, who received
the munificent salary of ten shillings a week. Still, this was
not out of proportion to the then salary of the Astronomer Royal,
which practically amounted only to £90. However, in 1752, Bradley
was awarded a Crown pension of £250 a year. He refused the living
of Greenwich, which was offered him in order to increase his
emoluments, on the ground that he could not suitably fulfil the
double office. Bradley's later assistants were Charles Mason and
Charles Green.
Bradley's last work was the preparation for the observations of the
transit of Venus of 1761, according to the lines laid down by his
predecessor, Halley. His health gave way, and he became subject to
melancholia, so that the actual observations were taken by the Rev.
Nathaniel Bliss, who succeeded him in his office after his death, in
1762. He was buried at Minchinhampton.
So far as we know Bradley's character, he seems to have been a
gentle, modest, unassuming man, entirely free from self-seeking,
and indifferent to personal gain. He was in many ways an ideal
astronomer, exact, methodical, and conscientious to the last degree.
His skill as an observer was his chief characteristic; and though
his abilities were not equal as a mathematician or a mechanician,
yet, on the one hand, he had a very clear insight into the meaning
of his observations, and, on the other, he was skilful enough to
himself adjust, repair, and improve his instruments.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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