The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
Bocarro gives us further information concerning the Monomatapa. He
enumerates the chief officers of the kingdom, and amongst others he
mentions ‘Manguendi’ as the chief wizard, or witch-doctor; he also
mentions ‘Makoni, king of Maungo,’ as a vassal of the Monomatapa; and
on inquiry at Makoni’s we learnt that his country is still called Unga,
and the tribal name is Maunga, just as Mangwendi’s is called Noia and
the tribe Manoia. Furthermore, he mentions one Chiburga as the
majordomo of a large town where the chief’s wives were kept, probably
the lofty hill we visited near the Sabi. [34] Thus Bocarro furnishes us
with almost positive proof that the same people dwell here now as dwelt
here under the rule of the Monomatapa, the only difference being that
the Mocaranga race has split up into numerous branches. Over two of
these Mangwendi and Makoni still exercise sway, still retaining their
old dynastic names, and still inhabiting what once was the heart of the
Monomatapa country. For these reasons I feel pretty confident in
asserting that the series of ruined cities amongst which we had now
entered is what remains to us of the once powerful chiefdom of
Monomatapa.
In Mangwendi’s country, as in ’Mtoko’s, the great worship is
sacrificing to ancestors, called here Bondoro, a name remarkably like
the lion god Mondoro. The Bondoro are supposed to intercede for them
with Muali, or God, and to get for them long life and prosperity. In
Mangwendi’s country, however, it is the head of each family who
performs the sacrifice, with the help of a man called Nanza, the
witch-doctor, one of the chief’s family, but by no means having the
same power as the Mondoro in ’Mtoko’s country. They go to the ruined
town which we had accidentally visited, where probably the tribe lived
in former days. Here the bullock or goat is sacrificed, everyone
present is sprinkled with the blood, and they put out portions of the
meat, together with some beer, for the consumption of the Bondoro, and
eat the rest themselves.
On the anniversary of the death of the last Mangwendi they assemble
from all the country round and hold a great feast in honour of the late
chief, at which the present chief conducts the sacrifice. Dos Santos,
in his ‘De Asia,’ describes almost the same thing as taking place
amongst the Mocarangas in his day: ‘Obsequies are made every year to
defunct kings; every year, in the month of September, when the first
moon appears, the king makes grand obsequies for his predecessors, who
are all buried there on a high rock where he lives, called Zimbaohe.’
This hill-set village, where the people of Mangwendi now sacrifice, is
still called by them their Zimbabwe. Dos Santos describes the eating,
drinking, and dancing just as it might be done now.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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