The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
We have before remarked that none of our trigonometrical functions seem
to have been recognised by the builders of Zimbabwe, and that the
angular values of the arcs are of no special importance when measured
in our way. But they must have been of importance to the builders of
the temples. The locating of the centres of the arcs on the several
meridian lines, supposing the meridian lines were first laid down in
planning the temples (as the central one undoubtedly was in the great
temple), does not really determine the intersecting points of the arcs;
for, were the centre moved along the meridian lines in either
direction, the points of intersection would change their positions and
the lengths of the arcs would be altered.
The lengths of the arcs seem to have been determined by the
intersections of circles of radii different from those of the arcs
themselves, but the lengths of whose radii were determined by the same
system as those of the arcs. The centres of the intersecting circles
are situated on the radius of the arc which lies midway between its
extremities, and the distance between the arc and the intersecting
circle measured on the same radius produced is equal to the diameter of
one of the towers.
The arc AK is built on a curve of 107·8 feet radius; and if a circle be
drawn as described with a radius of 169·3 feet, it will determine the
length of the chord of the arc at 107 feet, and the distance between
the two arcs measured on the middle radius will be 5·45, which is equal
to the diameter of the little tower.
The arc KB treated in the same way, with a curve of 84·6 feet, and with
a distance of 17·17 feet (the diameter of the great tower) between the
intersecting circle and the arc, has the length of its chord fixed at
129½ feet. These two lengths of 107 and 129½ feet agree to within six
inches with our actual measurement of the wall itself.
If we apply our system to the arc BC in an exactly similar manner, but
with the distance between the circle and the arc made equal to the
radius of the great tower, we find that the length of its chord should
be 111 feet; and this also agrees closely with our measurements.
The arc of the eastern temple on the hill has a radius of 42·3 feet,
and if a circle of 169·3 feet be applied to it with a distance of 17·17
feet between the circle and the arc, we find that the length of its
chord should be 72 feet; and this is exactly what we make it on our
plan. This also explains the hitherto inexplicable position of the
eastern doorway.
In a similar way we determine the length of the chord of the great wall
in the western temple to be 140 feet; but as the ends of this wall are
in a ruinous condition, and as the present outer face is not of the
original period, we cannot say whether this was the actual measurement
or not.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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