The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
At Matindela the general aspect of the decorated part of the building
is towards the setting sun, but the masonry is so rough in its
construction that we need expect little accuracy in orientation. The
whole appearance of the place suggests that what exists at present is
merely a rough rebuilding of an older structure. What remains of the
internal arrangements of the building is very fragmentary, and we could
find no trace of an altar. Over the doorway there is a herring-bone
pattern facing the setting sun at the summer solstice, and adjoining
this on its north side there is a band of ornament of the dentelle kind
with a similar aspect. Above this dentelle pattern there is a loophole
in the wall which may have served to pass a ray of light from the
setting sun to an altar at some festival. Farther along the wall there
is another pattern facing the setting sun at the winter solstice, and
on the inside of the wall yet another looking towards the rising sun at
the summer solstice. The construction of the doorways at Matindela is
remarkable. They have been originally made of considerable width, and
then been narrowed very much by square masses of masonry which were
built at both sides. The direction of the doorways also seems to have
some meaning, for three of them look East 25° North, and four East 25°
South, thus corresponding to the direction of the sun rising and
setting at the solstices.
At the Mazoe Valley, and to the north-east of Matindela, near Mount
Chiburwe, there are well-built ruins of the best period of this style
of architecture, but, unfortunately, too little of them remains to
allow us to understand their plans. They are both very small, and are
not circular, like the Lundi River ruin, but their walls seem to have
been built on a series of curves like the wall of the great temple. A
very extraordinary thing regarding all the older ruins in Mashonaland
is the way in which the stones which once composed the walls have
disappeared. They have not been covered up by soil, and there is no
trace of them in the surrounding country, and yet in these two ruins
not one-twentieth part of the stones remain, and all that do remain are
in their original places in the walls.
When the western wall was rebuilt at the great temple at Zimbabwe there
was apparently a want of stones, and the rebuilders were too lazy to
procure more, so they probably shortened the wall by decreasing the
size of the temple, and also economised stones by making the new wall
much less thick.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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