When the last adult alewife of the season drops down Stony Brook for
the tidal inlet and the sea, it has left the renewal of its continuity
and motion behind it. The little alewives follow out the route of their
elders with a silent animism, sent by ancient habit and unknown need.
The repetitive ways of the anadromous fish come out of geologic time.
On the long track since then, the adults, reaching their spawning
grounds, have had the drive of the sperm toward the egg. From the top
of a falls to the depth of the sea there are equivalent lifts and falls
in their own being. The young, tiny and perishable though they may be,
have the same inalienable motion in them.
After hatching, young alewives form dense schools, and begin to feed
on the plankton--tiny organisms and plant life--in the pond waters.
Occasionally they can be seen flipping on the surface. They are subject
to attack by all kinds of predators: perch, pickerel, frogs, herons,
kingfishers, water snakes, and many others, from the time they are out
of the egg. Landlocked waters are often stocked with spawning alewives
for that very reason. The fry make an excellent diet for such popular
game fish as bass, trout, and salmon.
The survivors begin to move out of the ponds about the beginning of
July. In other areas I have heard that the majority do not start
down until September. The first time I saw them was on the second
of July, when they were being drawn down by the thousands through
the dam opening at the head of the fishway. They were scarcely over
an inch long, and as they came in from the ponds they reflected the
summer-green of the water. Their eyes seemed huge in proportion to
the size of their bodies. They were poured down the boiling water
of the ladder, tossed around like chips and slivers, spilled down
helter-skelter; but where the current slowed, farther down the brook,
they held together in the fashion of their race.
There is an account, in a _Report of the Alewife Fisheries of
Massachusetts_, 1921, of some alewives hatched out in the
fisheries at Sandwich, Massachusetts, in June of 1919. The eggs were
put in water of 72 degrees Fahrenheit and half of the lot, in that warm
temperature, were hatched in only forty-eight hours. “In the surface
water were thousands of tiny alewives with food sacs nearly transparent
in appearance, and with tails resembling fine silk threads. The tiny
creatures, about one-fifth of an inch in length, wiggled through the
water with surprising activity. The eyes in both the egg and the
hatched fish were but faintly visible. At the end of ninety-six hours
their size had increased considerably, the outline of the yolk sac and
the body was plainly marked, and the eyes showed prominently. By this
time all the eggs had hatched. In cold water the period of development
is retarded proportionately to the lowering of the temperature.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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