Country life -- England; England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century
Here were three or four beds, some of them woollen
mattresses on rude stump-bedsteads; others pieces of wicker-work, like
the lower half of a pot-crate cut off, about half a yard high, filled
with straw, and a few blankets laid upon it. There were lots of fleeces
of wool stowed away; and lasts and awls stuck into the spars, shewed
that the herds occasionally amused their leisure in winter and bad
weather by cobbling their shoes. The half of the house on your right
hand on entering, was at all points such as I have before described,
with its coved and matted ceiling, its chintz cornice, and its two beds
with sliding doors. But the majority of the cottages of the hinds about
the great farm-houses, are dismal abodes. They are generally built in a
low, and sometimes in a dreary quadrangle, without those additions of
gardens, piggeries, etc., which so much enrich and embellish the
cottages of the labourers in many parts of the kingdom. And what is the
state of feeling within? is it that of contentment or acquiescence? I am
bound to say that many inquiries made in various places, discovered one
general sentiment of discontent with the system. But in the first place,
let us take a view of the general aspect of the country under this
system as it appears to a stranger from the south, and here we have at
hand the graphic descriptions of Cobbett, from his tour in Scotland and
the northern counties of England, in 1832.
He does not seem to have become aware of the existence of the system
while in Durham and Northumberland. He perceived, what no man can pass
through those counties without seeing, the large-farm system in full
operation, and with all its consequences in its face. “From Morpeth to
within four miles of Hexham the land is very indifferent; the farms of
an enormous extent. I saw in one place more than a hundred corn-stacks
in one yard, each having from six to seven Surrey wagon-loads of sheaves
in one stack; and not another house to be seen within a mile or two of
the farm-house. There appears to be no such thing as barns, but merely a
place to take in a stack at a time, and thrash it out by a machine. The
country seems to be almost wholly destitute of people: immense tracts of
corn land, but neither cottages nor churches.” p. 56. This was the first
glimpse of the thing; it had not yet broken fully upon him; but he had
not gone much further before the vast solitude of the depopulative
system began to press upon his brain, and to set those indignant
feelings and theorizings at work in him, which belonged so peculiarly to
his nature. “From Morpeth to Alnwick, the country, generally speaking,
is very poor as to land, scarcely any trees at all; the farms enormously
extensive: only two churches, I think, in the whole of the twenty miles,
_i. e._ from Newcastle to Alnwick. Scarcely any thing worthy the name of
a tree, and not one single dwelling having the appearance of a
labourer’s house. Here appears to be neither hedging nor ditching; no
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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